What is Insomnia?

My name is Rachel Salas. I'm a sleep neurologist, board-certified in both specialties. I'm Dr. Virginia Runco. I'm a Johns Hopkins behavioral sleep medicine specialist. Insomnia is difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, poor sleep quality or some kind of combination of those symptoms. And, we all have a night of bad sleep from here or there, but really what insomnia is... it's a more long pattern of a sleep problem that's not only a nighttime issue but it trickles into the daytime in some ways so there is some kind of daytime symptom, whether that's, um, it can just be sleepiness or fatigue, struggling to stay awake during work, concentration issues at work..."I'm feeling grumpy or moody" or even just having a lot of worries during the daytime about the sleep. So, typically it's more commonly found in women, however you know from down from kids all the way up to older adults...we can all on experience it at one time or another and most people have experienced it...you know, when when you're studying for a test, or you have a very high-stakes job interview, you can suffer from some acute insomnia but when that becomes chronic, usually more than three months and you're experiencing it three or more times a week then it can be actually a sleep disorder. Insomnia is diagnosed based on what you tell a sleep specialist, so there's no kind of lab test or blood work that you can do to say "you have insomnia". They look at your medical history, you psychiatric history, how you describe your insomnia symptoms. However, sleep studies...the overnight sleep studies aren't uncommon to do sometimes in insomnia patients because they want to rule out if there's some underlying sleep disorder like sleep apnea that can cause the insomnia. so in some yeah um is a complicated sleep disorder because there's always different factors for different individuals that are contributing to it so the first thing that we look at is to see you know what kinda behavioral a a issues that the patient that may be feeding the insomnia what what so things like maintaining good sleep habits are very important and those are things that we do investigate a lot of time there some simple things that patients can change to help on this part of the treatment there's a whole there's several medications that are available week epically I'm we're trying to go straight to those because a you a lot and they don't work in in these medications do you know they do have a side effect profile so you have to be very careful and you know when you give these I there is the the mainstay which is a cognitive behavioral sleep therapy and you know any time I diagnose a patient with insomnia usually I'm bringing my colleagues asleep in a row psychologist because they really help you identify what factors are continuing insomnia and the they help to set up a plan a treatment strategy for patients to change their behaviors because that's what the research shows has the biggest impact and all oh I don't good