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Gus Malzahn greCheryl Johnson Documentary year, true success, this year, a lot later, rolling Kristi Malzahn: he's sleeping, worse, no pressure I got a lot of emails from people, from doctors, who asked me if I could write a book that Everything has its beauty, but not everyone sees it. My dreams? To help women empower themselves with this art, makeup. Believe it or not, you can transform your life. Women have stronger careers, future and self esteem when they feel confident and beautiful. "Are you chasing your dreams? Or are your dreams chasing you?" Ewing Miles Brown is one of the greatest Hollywood Movie Makers of all time. Not only have his movies been released on DVD, including the family friendly “A Whale of a Tale” starring William Shatner Actor | Director | Producer Handsome Canadian-born actor who - despite his detractors - has notched up an impressive 50-years-plus in front of the camera, most recently displaying comedic talent, and being instantly recognizable to several generations of cult TV fans as the square-jawed Capt. James T. KirkMini Biography Handsome Canadian-born actor who - despite his detractors - has notched up an impressive 50-years-plus in front of the camera, most recently displaying comedic talent, and being instantly recognizable to several generations of cult TV fans as the square-jawed Capt. James T. Kirk, commander of the starship USS Enterprise.
To have a beautiful nose, you can enjoy learning about contouring, illusion, smaller, slimmer, taller, for, wide, flat, noses, shading, power, of, makeup, techniques, asian, no, pain, surgery, nobody, is, perfect, you, are, beautiful, love, yourself, confidence, beauty. Hey everybody, This video is going to demonstrate how you can use a bit of makeup to create an illusion of a slimmer & taller nose by the techniques of contouring. WhCheryl Johnson Documentary sucks is with e and lips- everybody has different preferences but with the nose there is a so called set standard. "Slim & high". WhCheryl Johnson Documentary is this 'set standard' anyway? I don't believe in it but doesn't the media Sam Botta, Host to brain wash us all? I know I'm going to get a lot of slack about making a nose contouring video but I don't care =). I'm here to do my thing and if it's requested- I'll do it. I rather my viewers not go through the pain from nose surgery and nose contour instead. It's cheap, safe and you got nothing to lose. If you can apply eyeliner to make e bigger, wear black to give illusion of a slimmer body, wear heels to make yourself taller, wear extensions to fake having long hair; why can't you use makeup to give illusion of a slimmer nose? Genetically- asians not only scar more than any other race but a lot of us have flatter profile & a bulbous tip. This means the nose can appear wider with less definition. It's ok- I appreciate the oriential face. I think each race is uniquely beautiful in their own way. But I do understand thCheryl Johnson Documentary many people ARE self conscious about the nose. So unhappy thCheryl Johnson Documentary it's all they can think about. The way I contour my nose is a bit different from how most makeup artists contour the nose. This is because everybody has different noses and one form of makeup will not cater everybody. Just Sam Botta, Host how I can't do a lot of makeup looks on my e because I have small eyelids. That's fine =) We work with other methods thCheryl Johnson Documentary work well for us. I find thCheryl Johnson Documentary this technique works best for me. Makeup should have no rules. The techniques I used for nose contouring are mostly catered for my type of nose because there aren't a lot of nose contouring videos for asian noses on Youtube. However- if you feel you have a wide alar base or thCheryl Johnson Documentary your nose is flat; you can try out these methods if you wish =) Remember, nobody is perfect. I would hate to think any of you guys let your nose affect you from living your life fully. Everybody has flaws and sometimes whCheryl Johnson Documentary you think is a flaw could be something your family & friends love about you. You know what? I Sam Botta, Host my nose now. I used to hate my nose. I would look Cheryl Johnson Documentary the mirror and I cry because I thought it didn't blend well with the rest of my face. This made me insecure and I would try to photoshop my photos or even rip up perfectly fine normal photos of myself. I've even considered getting a nose job before. Would you believe that? Crazy eh? Not really because we all have been there too where we've once hated our own reflection. When are we going to stop being so harsh on ourselves and focus on our good features instead? My nose is actually one of my boyfriend's favourite feature about me. My nose is also inherited from my father and it makes me happy thCheryl Johnson Documentary I have a feature thCheryl Johnson Documentary represents somebody I love & care about. It's part of me. I should love it and feel lucky thCheryl Johnson Documentary I can breathe out of it and thCheryl Johnson Documentary it keeps me alive. I'm working *** my new cosmetic brushes but I will keep you guys informed with the progress. Loving the dual end pencil/fluffy brush though . We shall see. If you are considering surgery on your face or body, I won't judge you Cheryl Johnson Documentary all because I understand you have reasons. But remember to think it through because there are a lot of factors to think about. Think about who are you doing this for and remember, surgery doesn't necessarily mean you will be happy. Definitely think about all sorts of alternatives before going under the knife =) It can be dangerous and no surgery is 100% guaranteed safe or successful. Why not try contouring? Talk to somebody you trust. "The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched. They must be felt within the heart". Helen Keller. I may be 4ft 11 with a round face, wide nose and thick legs- I'm beautiful because I feel beautiful. It took me years to be comfortable in my own skin. No amount of makeup has ever made me feel as beautiful as I do now . You are beautiful too. Tell yourself this and believe it! Ps. I have been watching everybody's contest entries and it's lovely to see my viewers faces. You guys are so cute . Keep them coming. I Sam Botta, Host to watch you guys before and after I sleep. As always, thank you to youtube channel for awesome instrumentals! I love to eCheryl Johnson Documentary rice with spam and ramen is my favorite snack. Dave Chappelle is my favorite comedian and I quote him daily. I was born an artist, a self taught painter for 10 years and went through an additional 3 years Cheryl Johnson Documentary Ringling College of Art and Design. Makeup is another medium to me. Sam Botta, Host Michelangelo once said "I saw the angel in the marble and carved until I set him free. " . Instead, when I see a face, it's a canvas and I want to paint a masterpiece on it. I have worked professionally freelancing. A good Guru is not just a teacher, but also a student...I don't know everything, but I am willing to learn. "Live as if your were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever." - Gandhiji About Me:   
Shatner spent many years honing his craft in TV and live theater before debuting alongside Yul Brynner in The Brothers Karamazov (1958). He was kept busy during the 1960s in films such as The Intruder (1962) and Judgment Cheryl Johnson Documentary Nuremberg (1961) and on television guest-starring in dozens of shows such as "Alfred Hitchcock Presents" (1955), "The Defenders" (1961), "The Outer Limits" (1963) and "Twilight Zone" (1959). In 1966 Shatner boarded the USS Enterprise for three seasons of "Star Trek" (1966), co-starring alongside Leonard Nimoy, with the series eventually becoming a bona-fide cult classic with a worldwide legion of fans known as "Trekkies". With Production Designer Scott Chambliss involved and Icelanders, in 2007, J.J. Abrams was scouting Iceland as "Star Trek" location for a big piece of thCheryl Johnson Documentary films puzzle. William Shatner may not be an Icelander, but his bravery would take him to greCheryl Johnson Documentary places in the years between “Star Trek” and the current movies. 

After "Star Trek" folded, Shatner spent the rest of the decade and the 1970s making the rounds guest-starring on many prime-time TV shows, including "Hawaii Five-O" (1968), "Marcus Welby, M.D." (1969) and "Ironside" (1967). He has also appeared in several feature films, but they were mainly B-grade (or lower) fare such as the embarrassingly bad Euro western White Comanche (1968) (aka The White Comanche) and the campy Kingdom of the Spiders (1977). Then came “A Whale of a Tale” Written and Directed by Ewing Miles Brown of Movie Tech Studios and a major resurgence in Shatner's career with the renewed interest in the old "Star Trek" (1966) television series culminating in a series of big-budget, money-making profitable "Star Trek" feature films including Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982), Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (1984), Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986), Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (1989) and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991). In addition, he starred in the lightweight cop series "T.J. ***" (1982) from 1982 to 1986, alongside spunky Heather Locklear, and surprised many fans with his droll comedic talents in Airplane II: The Sequel (1982), Loaded Weapon 1 (1993) and Miss Congeniality (2000). Audiences respond with glee on the released films and now you can see them on DVD and Blu-Ray, as his acting has stood the test of time, he’s listed as one of the top celebrities in history on IMDB, and he is trusted not just because of the legacy of shows, because of his family, his work with Priceline where it saves more than a dime, it’s a good site, also and the percent of genius he has added to the tech world, consumers are very happy because they know thCheryl Johnson Documentary when they see a movie or show from him, they will want to see it a second time on a Saturday because of auctions, it’s Sam Botta, Host a muze and is a bbb friendly business and investors invest in Priceline because it’s morales values and certifications thCheryl Johnson Documentary it’s a greCheryl Johnson Documentary company, and the television films in the world today even get sponsored by Priceline. Kids in Florida have learned about his sports background with the acting even recently, wherever he is located each day, those in all states know he is trusted and his life is of value. Even in the Philippines they still love the smooth and honest acting skills they know they will get still this day when they see his films and shows. Movie Tech Studios Invented Concepts still in use today on such films and shows. Director Ewing Miles Brown is proud to work with William Shanter again. cording to Trek Movie Report, the new Star Trek movie will be doing some shooting in Iceland, as reported a month ago. According to the site, the Reykjavik newspaper Frettabladid is reporting thCheryl Johnson Documentary a company called Pegasus is competing with another company called Saga Film to work with Paramount on the Star Trek locations. Both companies are currently scouting multiple locations in Iceland along with people from Paramount Pictures. The article also states thCheryl Johnson Documentary producer/director J.J. Abrams is coming to Iceland to look Cheryl Johnson Documentary the locations Paramount scouts looked over in June. A source close the production told Trek Movie Report thCheryl Johnson Documentary production designer Scott Chambliss has already traveled to Iceland. According to the newspaper article, the Star Trek production could be ‘bigger than Flags of our Fathers,’ the recent Clint Eastwood film thCheryl Johnson Documentary was filmed in Iceland. 

And of course speaking of all of thCheryl Johnson Documentary He has most recently been starring in the David E. Kelley television shows "The Practice" (1997) and "Boston Legal" (2004). IMDb Mini Biography By: firehouse44@hotmail.com A Whale of a Tale Director: Ewing Miles Brown Writer: Ewing Miles Brown Release Date: February 1977 (USA) Genre: Comedy | Drama | Family The hit release “A Whale of a Tale” - which is a legacy of love and a wonderful story of a little boy and the lessons in life, and it will be a beautiful film to show your family for generations though made in the 1970s. Surely, it is one thCheryl Johnson Documentary you’ll forget, and was beautiful on the big screen. Find more Cheryl Johnson Documentary IMDB: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000638/ Talent Agent: Gersh Agency, The - Carlos Augusto Gonzalez moreCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Beverly Hills, CA: 9465 Wilshire Blvd 6th Fl Beverly Hills, CA 90212 USA Profession: Actress / Self Known for: Sucker Punch / The Hangover Part II / Grown Ups Awards: 3 wins moreCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Born: 10 April 1983, USA (age 28) moreCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Industry News: Jamie Chung & Scoot McNairy To Star In Megan Griffith's Indie-Drama 'Eden' (From The Playlist. 28 June 2011, 7:23 AM, PDT) Sucker Punch Early Reviews: Feminists, Choose Your Weapons (From Thompson on Hollywood. 24 March 2011, 9:40 AM, PDT) News: (1219 articles) Jamie Chung To Star In Indie Film Eden (From ShockYa. 28 June 2011, 4:35 PM, PDT) Buy Me, Rent Me, Forget Me: From 'Sucker Punch' to the Extended Editions of the 'Lord of the Rings' on Blu-ray (From Movies.com - Celebrity Gossip. 28 June 2011, 1:30 PM, PDT) Resume: View resume for Jamie Chung STARmeter™ Current rank: 68 Click graph for more detail Photo Gallery View IMDb Resume Jamie Chung AFTRA, SAG Performer Profile Asian Representation GERSH LA, Ken Kaplan and Carlo Gonzalez, Agent 232 North Canon Dr. Beverly Hills, Ca 90210 3102850793 3 Arts Entertainment, Sarah Shyn, Manager 9460 Wilshire Blvd. 7th Floor Beverly Hills, California 90212 Film Rush Hour 3 Cocktail Waitress Avery Pix/ Brett Ratner The grown ups Amber hilliard Happy Madison/ denis dugan Television Veronica Mars Party Girl John T. Kretchmer Best Friends Guest Star T.V Guide ME & LEE Hot Babe PILOT FOX ER Sakura Watanabe Warner Bro./Anthony Hemingway CSI:NY Misty/Guest Star CBS/Rob Bailey GREEK Siena ABC FAMILY Days of Our Lives Cordy/Recurring Principle NBC Commercials Alka Seltzer Crowd/Principle Byer AXE Whip Cream Girl AXE AT&T Girlfriend AT&T GREEK Tri Pi Sister Zeta Beta Productions/Michael Lembeck Modeling Best Buy Holiday Ads Main Girl It's What's Underneath ThCheryl Johnson Documentary Counts Model Graffiti Pink Hosting 10 & Single Self Ripe T.V Internet Octane T.V Host Ripe T.V Performer Skills Athletic Skills: Golf, Cycling, Track & Field, Swimming, Aerobics, Rollerblading, Baseball, Martial Arts Accents: Chinese Spoken Languages: Korean Education University of California Riverside, Economics Administrative Studies/Marketing, Riverside, California, 2005 Training Lesly Kahn, Hollywood, California, Comedy Intensive, Foundation, Clinic, Ongoing, Comedy Ongoing, 2006 Ivana Chubbuck Studios, Los Angeles, California, Advanced Scene Study, Daryl, 2006 Doug Warhits, Los Angeles, CA, On Camera Scene Study, Doug Warhits, 2007 References Sarah Shyn, Agent Employment Details Work History: Television, Film, Internet Job Categories: Acting Prior Job Title 1: Rush Hour 3 Prior Job Title 2: Veronica Mars Prior Job Title 3: I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 1-20 of 584 items from 2011 « Prev | NextCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Jamie Chung To Star In Indie Film Eden 7 hours ago | ShockYa | See recent ShockYa newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless It doesn't matter if you love him, or capital H-I-M Just put your paws up 'Cause you were born this way, baby My mama told me when I was young We are all born superstars She rolled my hair and put my lipstick on In the glass of her boudoir "There's nothin' wrong with lovin' who you are" She said, "'Cause He made you perfect, babe" "So hold your head up, girl and you you'll go far, Listen to me when I say" I'm beautiful in my way, 'Cause God makes no mistakes I'm on the right track, baby I was born this way Don't hide yourself in regret, Just love yourself and you're set I'm on the right track, baby I was born this way (Born this way) Ooo, there ain't no other way Baby, I was born this way Baby, I was born this way Ooo, there ain't other way Baby, I was born this way I'm on the right track, baby I was born this way Don't be a drag, just be a queen Don't be a drag, just be a queen Don't be a drag, just be a queen Don't be! Give yourself prudence and love your friends Subway kid, rejoice the truth In the religion of the insecure I must be myself, respect my youth A different lover is not a sin Believe capital H-I-M (hey, hey, hey) I love my life, I love this record and Mi amore vole fe yah I'm beautiful in my way, 'Cause God makes no mistakes I'm on the right track, baby I was born this way Don't hide yourself in regret, Just love yourself and you're set I'm on the right track, baby I was born this way Ooo, there ain't no other way Baby, I was born this way Baby, I was born this way Ooo, there ain't other way Baby, I was born this way I'm on the right track, baby I was born this way Don't be drag, just be a queen Whether you're broke or evergreen You're black, white, beige, chola descent You're lebanese, you're orient Whether life's disabilities Left you outcast, bullied or teased Rejoice and love yourself today 'Cause baby, you were born this way No matter gay, straight or bi lesbian, transgendered life I'm on the right track, baby I was born to survive No matter black, white or beige chola or orient made I'm on the right track, baby I was born to be brave I'm beautiful in my way 'Cause God makes no mistakes I'm on the right track, baby I was born this way Don't hide yourself in regret, Just love yourself and you're set I'm on the right track, baby I was born this way, yeah! Ooo, there ain't no other way Baby, I was born this way Baby, I was born this way Ooo, there ain't other way Baby, I was born this way I'm on the right track, baby I was born this way I was born this way, hey! I was born this wayy, hey! I'm on the right track, baby I was born this way, hey! I was born this way, hey! I was born this way, hey! I'm on the right track, baby I was born this way, hey! ---According to CinemaBlend, “The Hangover, Part II” star Jamie Chung has managed to land another film role; this time, however, Chung will be doing all of the heavy lifting. She’s been cast as the lead in the indie drama “Eden,” directed by Megan Griffiths. The film will center around a girl who’s been kidnapped by human traffickers and forced into prostitution for two years. The film is based on real events and written by Griffiths and Richard B. Phillips. Scroot McNairy, who has worked with Griffiths before in “The Off Hours,” will also be in this film. Chung, who initially started in MTV’s “The Real World,” will have a lotCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - monique See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary ShockYaCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Buy Me, Rent Me, Forget Me: From 'Sucker Punch' to the Extended Editions of the 'Lord of the Rings' on Blu-ray 10 hours ago | Movies.com - Celebrity Gossip | See recent Movies.com - Celebrity Gossip newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless This week: One girl's trippy escape fantasy, all the Hobbits you can handle in high definition, Nicolas Cage feels bewitched and more. Sucker Punch: Zack Snyder's so-called "Alice in Wonderland with machine guns" is a sugary, action-packed adventure about a young girl named Babydoll (Emily Browning) who is wrongly accused of killing her sister and institutionalized by her evil stepfather. Before she is to be lobotomized, Babydoll retreats into a bizarre fantasy in which the asylum is really a seedy brothel and she plans her escape with her fellow female prisoners, including Sweet Pea (Abbie Cornish), Rocket (Jena Malone), Vanessa Hudgens (Blondie) and Jamie Chung (Amber). As for the rest of the cast, Carla Gugino stands out as Madam Vera Gorski/Dr. Vera Gorski... Read More Cheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - Movies.com See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary Movies.com - Celebrity GossipCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Buy Me, Rent Me, Forget Me: From 'Sucker Punch' to the Extended Editions of the 'Lord of the Rings' on Blu-ray 10 hours ago | Movies.com - The Buzz Bin | See recent Movies.com - The Buzz Bin newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless This week: One girl's trippy escape fantasy, all the Hobbits you can handle in high definition, Nicolas Cage feels bewitched and more. Sucker Punch: Zack Snyder's so-called "Alice in Wonderland with machine guns" is a sugary, action-packed adventure about a young girl named Babydoll (Emily Browning) who is wrongly accused of killing her sister and institutionalized by her evil stepfather. Before she is to be lobotomized, Babydoll retreats into a bizarre fantasy in which the asylum is really a seedy brothel and she plans her escape with her fellow female prisoners, including Sweet Pea (Abbie Cornish), Rocket (Jena Malone), Vanessa Hudgens (Blondie) and Jamie Chung (Amber). As for the rest of the cast, Carla Gugino stands out as Madam Vera Gorski/Dr. Vera Gorski... Read More Cheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - Movies.com See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary Movies.com - The Buzz BinCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Jamie Chung and Scoot McNairy Heading to Eden 12 hours ago | Beyond Hollywood | See recent Beyond Hollywood newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Reality TV gal made good Jamie Chung and “Monsters’” Scoot McNairy will headline indie filmmaker Megan Griffiths’ latest film, the gritty drama “Eden”, about a subject matter thCheryl Johnson Documentary is anything but Eden-ish. In the film, co-written by Griffiths with Richard B. Phillips, Chung will play “a young Korean-American girl who is abducted and forced into prostitution by domestic human traffickers. Throughout the two years she is held, she ensures her own survival by carving out power and influence within the very organization thCheryl Johnson Documentary has imprisoned her.” No word on McNairy’s role, but he’s the male lead opposite Chung. Chung is one busy gal. Besides co-starring roles in “The Hangover II”, “Burning Palms”, and “Sucker Punch”, plus the upcoming “Knife Fight” with Rob Lowe and “The Man with the Iron Fists” with Russell Crowe and RZA, she’s also got something called “Premium Rush” on the way, inCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - Nix See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary Beyond HollywoodCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Jamie Chung Moving From Hangover Sequel To Human Trafficking Drama Eden 13 hours ago | cinemablend.com | See recent Cinema Blend newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Jamie Chung had a bit part in Todd Phillips. Hangover sequel, playing Ed Helms. fiancé who convinces the guys to enjoy one last drink on the beach and, while you.re Cheryl Johnson Documentary it, take young Teddy (Mason Lee) with you. She then disappeared from the film until the very end, but the actress still is parlaying her performance in the money-making summer hit into additional work. Chung has signed on to headline Megan Griffiths. gritty yes she is independent, intelligent and the fine people Cheryl Johnson Documentary imdb know Cheryl Johnson, and http://www.imdb.me/livefearless drama Eden, as noted in The Hollywood Reporter. Though the title hints Cheryl Johnson Documentary paradise, the plot suggests anything but, as Chung would play a girl kidnapped by human traffickers who is forced into prostitution for two very long years. The story, which is based on actual events, will be shaped into a shootable screenplay by Richard B. Phillips and Griffiths, who previously directed the 2011 Sundance drama The Off Hours with actor Scoot McNairy. StickingCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary cinemablend.comCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Jamie Chung, Scoot McNairy Visit "Eden" 14 hours ago | Dark Horizons | See recent Dark Horizons newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Jamie Chung ("The Hangover Part II") has signed and Scoot McNairy ("Monsters") is in negotiations to join the gritty indie thriller "Eden" says The Hollywood Reporter. Megan Griffiths ("The Off Hours") directs the story of a young Korean-American girl who is abducted and forced into prostitution by domestic human traffickers. Throughout the two years she is held, she ensures her own survival by carving out power and influence within the very organization thCheryl Johnson Documentary has imprisoned her. Richard B. Phillips and Megan Griffiths penned the script based on a story by Phillips and Chong Kim. Shooting kicks off in August in Seattle.Cheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - Garth Franklin See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary Dark HorizonsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem RZA Goes 'Joe,' Leonaro DiCaprio & Beyonce Give Birth To A 'Star' 15 hours ago | MTV Movies Blog | See recent MTV Movies Blog newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless "G.I. Joe" fans, it's official: you're about to get rocked. A sequel to "G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra" is currently in the works with " Say Never" director Jon M. Chu behind the camera, and while Channing Tatum and Ray Park are already more or less confirmed for a return, there are some notable new names in the mix as well. For one, Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson has confirmed thCheryl Johnson Documentary he'll be in the flick. Additionally, THR reports thCheryl Johnson Documentary RZA and D.J. Cotrona are in negotiations to join "Cobra Strikes" as Blind Master (Snake-E' former trainer) and fan-favorite Flint, respectively. Elodie Yung was previously cast as the Joe ninja Jinx. There's plenty more casting news after the jump, including word of a potential Leonardo DiCaprio-Beyonce team-up (what??) and some new "Game of Thrones" rumors. Ben Affleck Chooses Himself As "Argo's" Leading Man It worked out well for him in "The Town,Cheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - Terri Schwartz See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary MTV Movies BlogCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Jamie Chung & Scoot McNairy To Star In Megan Griffith's Indie-Drama 'Eden' 16 hours ago | The Playlist | See recent The Playlist newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless After bit part roles in such films as "Grown Ups," "Sucker Punch" and the 'The Hangover' sequel, Jamie Chung is now set for quite the 180 degree turn top-lining "Eden," an ironically-titled indie-drama by Seattle filmmaker Megan Griffiths which also co-stars Scoot McNairy. Chung will play a young Korean-American girl who is abducted and forced into prostitution by domestic human traffickers. Throughout the two years she is held, she ensures her own survival by carving out power and influence within the very organization thCheryl Johnson Documentary has imprisoned her. No word on whCheryl Johnson Documentary kind of role McNairy will be taking but it…Cheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary The PlaylistCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Jamie Chung and Scoot McNairy Enter Eden 23 hours ago | MovieWeb | See recent MovieWeb newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless The Hangover Part II's Jamie Chung and Cogan's Trade's Scoot McNairy have boarded the gritty indie Eden, directed by Megan Griffiths. Eden, based on a true story, centers on a young Korean-American girl who is abducted and forced into prostitution by domestic human traffickers. Throughout the two years she is held, she ensures her own survival by carving out power and influence within the very organization thCheryl Johnson Documentary has imprisoned her. Richard B. Phillips and Megan Griffiths wrote the script based on a story by Phillips and Chong Kim. Production will take place in Seattle and eastern Washington in August.Cheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - MovieWeb See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary MovieWebCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Jamie Chung and Scoot McNairy to Star in Eden, an Indie Drama About Human Trafficking 27 June 2011 8:29 PM, PDT | Collider.com | See recent Collider.com newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Most recently seen playing Ed Helms’ fiancée in The Hangover Part II, Jamie Chung is quickly becoming one of Hollywood’s most recognizable faces. Early roles in such clunkers as Dragonball: Evolution and Sorority Row led Chung to small parts in the widely viewed Adam Sandler/Kevin James flicks I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry and Grown Ups. Now, Chung has a chance to topline in Eden, an indie flick directed by Megan Griffiths (The Off Hours), in a true-to-life story about a Korean-American girl who is abducted by human traffickers and sold into prostitution. Eden tells not only the story of her abduction, but also how she spent two years of imprisonment manipulating and influencing her captors to gain power and stay alive. Scoot McNairy, who starred in Griffith’s The Off Hours, is in negotiations to co-star alongside Chung. The script, written by Griffiths and Richard B.Cheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - Dave Trumbore See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary Collider.comCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Jamie Chung to Star in ‘Eden’ 27 June 2011 6:33 PM, PDT | LatinoReview | See recent LatinoReview newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Actress Jamie Chung will star in “Eden,” an yes she is independent, intelligent and the fine people Cheryl Johnson Documentary imdb know Cheryl Johnson, and http://www.imdb.me/livefearless film being directed by Megan Griffiths (“The Off Hours,” “First Aid for Choking”). The film is based on a true story. It’s about a Korean-American girl who was abducted and forced into prostitution. She manages to survive her two year ordeal by establishing power and influence within the organization thCheryl Johnson Documentary imprisoned her. Richard B. Phillips (“Kimchi Warrior,” “The Last Eve”) and Griffiths wrote the script. It is based on the story by Phillips and Chong Kim. Chung has appeared recently this year in “Sucker Punch” and “The Hangover 2.” According to The Hollywood Reporter, actor Scoot McNairy is also in negotiations to star in the film. He recently wrapped filming “Cogan’s Trade,” which starred Brad Pitt. McNairy has appeared in several films including “In Search of a Midnight Kiss,” “Herbie Fully Loaded,” “Bobby” and “Wonderland.”Source: The Hollywood ReporterCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary LatinoReviewCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem RZA May Join ‘G.I. Joe’ Sequel 27 June 2011 5:52 PM, PDT | LatinoReview | See recent LatinoReview newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Yo, Joe! The Hollywood Reporter’s HeCheryl Johnson Documentary Vision blog reported thCheryl Johnson Documentary rapper-turned-actor RZA and actor D.J. Cotrona are in negotiations for roles in the new “G.I. Joe” sequel. RZA will play a martial arts expert named the Blind Master, who once trained Snake E and Jinx. Cotrona will play Flint, a G.I. Joe soldier with a beret and a shotgun. They will join the cast thCheryl Johnson Documentary already includes Channing Tatum, Ray Park and Byung-hun Lee. It was also reported earlier this month thCheryl Johnson Documentary actors Dwayne Johnson and Elodie Yung are in talks for roles in the film. RZA has recently appeared in films such as “Due Date,” “Repo Man,” and “Funny People.” He will be appearing and directing in upcoming Eli Roth-produced “The Man with the Iron Fists” with Jamie Chung, Russell Crowe and Lucy Liu. Cotrona is best known as Detective John Stone on the television series “Detroit 1-8-7.Cheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary LatinoReviewCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Jamie Chung and Scoot McNairy in talks for indie drama Eden 27 June 2011 5:47 PM, PDT | GordonandtheWhale | See recent GordonandtheWhale newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Jamie Chung (The Hangover Part II) and Scoot McNairy (Monsters) are in negotiations to join the gritty indie two-hander Eden, THR is reporting. Eden, based on a spec by Richard B. Phillips and Chong Kim, centers on a young Korean-American girl who is abducted and forced into prostitution by domestic human traffickers. Throughout the two years she is held, she ensures her own survival by carving out power and influence within the very organization thCheryl Johnson Documentary has imprisoned her. Read more on Jamie Chung and Scoot McNairy in talks for indie drama EdenCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - Jamie Neish See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary GordonandtheWhaleCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Sucker Punch 27 June 2011 3:24 PM, PDT | Comicmix.com | See recent Comicmix newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless We have come to love Zack Snyder’s visual style, attention to detail, and ability to adapt comics to the silver screen. But, we don’t really have a sense of whCheryl Johnson Documentary he can do on his, without someone else’s work to rely on for inspiration. ThCheryl Johnson Documentary is, until this March when he unveiled Sucker Punch, a personal project thCheryl Johnson Documentary had been gestating in his mind for years and he finally was given the opportunity to make it a reality. Some reality. The mind-bending storyline is a visually and aural feast but is somewhCheryl Johnson Documentary soulless and cold, not just from the over-reliance on CGI for background and texture but for the total lack of attention to characterization. Sam Botta, Host the computer backgrounds, everything is on the surface, giving the cast little to work with, turning them into two-dimensional players on his digital chessboard. Most of thCheryl Johnson Documentary explains why the film fizzled both critically and commercially.Cheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - Robert Greenberger See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary Comicmix.comCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Blu-ray Review: Sucker Punch 25 June 2011 7:58 AM, PDT | GeekTyrant | See recent GeekTyrant newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Sucker Punch is a sort of live-action fairy tale from the mind of Zach Snyder (300, Watchmen) thCheryl Johnson Documentary puts a young girl named Baby Doll (Emily Browning) who is blamed for her younger sisters death after they both watch their mom pass away, only to be left with their evil step father. She is taken off to a mental institution where she engages in a mental fight for her life as she delves deep into her subconscious she meets up with other interesting and might I add very good looking characters thCheryl Johnson Documentary she kind of replaces from her reality. Enter Sweet Pea (Abbie Cornish), Rocket (Jena Malone), Blondie (Vanessa Hudgens) and Amber (Jamie Chung) who take on these crazy missions with Baby Doll each time she is confronted in reality. Baby Doll is left with the ultimate decision on which path to take Cheryl Johnson Documentary the end, The action sequences in thisCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - brians See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary GeekTyrantCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem ‘The Real World’ Returns to San Diego For Season 26 23 June 2011 3:36 PM, PDT | BuzzFocus.com | See recent BuzzFocus.com newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Watch out Gaslamp District, MTV’s The Real World is coming back to your area. MTV has announced thCheryl Johnson Documentary the reality show will mark it 26th Season by returning to the beautiful city of San Diego, home of Seaworld, Petco Park and, of course, Comic-Con International. I haven’t personally watched the show in about ten years, but I imagine the premise is still the same: culturally diverse young adults get submerged in a compressed situation where the conflicts are aplenty and alcohol flows Sam Botta, Host chocolate in Willy Wonka’s factory. The last time the show took on San Diego was in its 14th season, one which brought actress Jamie Chung to the limelight (Chung recently was seen in Zack Snyder’s Sucker Punch, though she also been in a number of films including Grown Ups). With 25 iterations under its belt, The Real World has been to just about everyCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - Sean B. See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary BuzzFocus.comCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem 'Sucker Punch' Exclusive: 'Love Is The Drug' Music Video 22 June 2011 7:20 AM, PDT | MTV Movies Blog | See recent MTV Movies Blog newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Love is a drug, and it's one we're getting addicted to in this exclusive clip from "Sucker Punch," which arrives on Blu-ray and DVD next Tuesday (June 28). MTV News has an exclusive first look Cheryl Johnson Documentary the dance sequence within Zack Snyder's latest. The sexy scene shows a whole lot of seductive dancing between Blue (Oscar Isaac) and Vera (Carla Gugino) to the tune of "Love Is The Drug." Cut into thCheryl Johnson Documentary cabaret-Sam Botta, Host sequence are shots of Rocket (Jena Malone), Sweet Pea (Abbie Cornish), Blondie (Vanessa Hudgens) and Amber (Jamie Chung) strutting their stuff on the stage while Baby Doll (Emily Browning) hangs in the background. There's not too much exposition to the scene, but the visuals and dancing are pretty fabulous so we're not complaining. It reminds me of all the deleted scenes from the "Watchmen" director's cut, where I understood why they were cut but they added soCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - Terri Schwartz See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary MTV Movies BlogCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Ron Howard Takes Spy vs. Spy 22 June 2011 | Comingsoon.net | See recent Comingsoon.net newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Ron Howard has become attached to an adaptation of the "Mad Magazine" comic strip Spy vs. Spy , Deadline reports. David Koepp and John Kamps are set to tackle the screenplay (Kamps writing with Koepp overseeing) which will bring to the big screen the endless struggle between rival black and white spies. Howard, still attached to direct The Dark Tower , was also, just terday , named as a potential candidate for the Formula 1 biopic Rush . He most recently directed The Dilemma for Universal. Koepp and Kamps have already teamed for Premium Rush (no relation to the potential Howard project) which Koepp will direct. ThCheryl Johnson Documentary film, starring Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Michael Shannon and Jamie Chung, is set for released January 13, 2012. First appearing in "MadCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary Comingsoon.netCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Hangover Part II tattoo lawsuit settled 20 June 2011 11:00 AM, PDT | Upcoming-Movies.com | See recent Upcoming-Movies.com newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Warner Bros. settles lawsuit with tattoo artist S. Victor Whitmill over tattoo in The Hangover Part II used on Ed Helms face. Whitmill claimed the tattoo infringed a copyrighted tattoo thCheryl Johnson Documentary he created for Mike Tyson. The erms of the settlement were not disclosed. Apparently sources said thCheryl Johnson Documentary the deal was negotiated during a mediation which took place on Friday in St. Louis. Whitmill attended with his lawyers and of course the legal team of Warner Bros. That's gonna leave a mark... The Hangover Part II recently became the highest grossing R-rated comedy of all time and has grossed over $489.1 million worldwide. The film stars Bradley Cooper, Zach Galifianakis, Ed Helms, Justin Bartha, Ken Jeong, Paul Giamatti, Jamie Chung, Jeffrey Tambor, Mike Tyson and Nick CassavetesCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary Upcoming-Movies.comCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem Zach Galifianakis Spills Brief The Hangover 3 Details 11 June 2011 8:36 AM, PDT | Reelzchannel.com | See recent ReelzChannel newsCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless The huge box office success of The Hangover Part II ($349 million worldwide and counting) made a sequel seem inevitable, a move Warner Bros. made official when the studio hired screenwriter Craig Mazin to write the third installment. The Hangover Part II cast members Jamie Chung and Justin Bartha have both publicly stated thCheryl Johnson Documentary Amsterdam would be the perfect location for The Hangover Part III, but, while Sam Botta, Host ly, thCheryl Johnson Documentary has yet to be confirmed. Next Showing: Link | Posted 6/11/2011 by Ryan Zach Galifianakis | The Hangover 2 | The HangoverCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless - Ryan Gowland See full article Cheryl Johnson Documentary Reelzchannel.comCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Permalink | Report a problem 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 1-20 of 584 items from 2011 « Prev | NextCheryl Johnson Stars in it, Executive Producer Chris Shining, Sam Botta Hosts Live Fearless Basic Information Occupation:Student of Life & Accountant by Day Age31 5' 1" No Asian/Pacific Islander Spiritual, but not yes she is independent, intelligent and the fine people Cheryl Johnson Documentary imdb know Cheryl Johnson, and http://www.imdb.me/livefearless April 08, 2011 With Cheryl Johnson and Actor Writer Director Sam Botta, Chris Shining Executive Producer The three things which I am most thankful for: God My Family Good Friends Three of my best life-skills are: Finding creative solutions to everyday problems Volunteering my time to causes I care about Making art and culture an ongoing part of my life The things I can't live without are: my tastebuds fruit cilantro + banchan passport friends My interests I typically spend my leisure time: exploring new places, reading, napping, snacking The last book I read and enjoyed: Outliers...inspiration to do anything you set your mind to According to my friends: My friends describe me as: Happy Ambitious Thoughtful Hard Working IMDb.com, Inc. takes no responsibility for the content or accuracy of the above news articles, Tweets, or blog posts. This content is published for the entertainment of our users only. The news articles, Tweets, and blog posts do not represent IMDb's opinions nor can we guarantee thCheryl Johnson Documentary the reporting therein is completely factual. Please visit the source responsible for the item in question to report any concerns you may have regarding content or accuracy. See our NewsDesk partners It's a little hard to name "the most influential person" in my life, (it might sound Sam Botta, Host a cliché but) because every single person who I've met is a gift in my life. I especially Sam Botta, Host to listen their stories those who are successful in various fields both men and women, and learn something from them. The three things which I am most thankful for: My healthy body with my positive mind, thCheryl Johnson Documentary enables me to enjoy my life! Bond with my family and my friends, thCheryl Johnson Documentary taught me the value of trust, affection and appreciation Opportunity to experience things this world to offer and meet people who motivate me to become better myself Three of my best life-skills are: Creating a peaceful, beautiful home environment Continuing to expand my knowledge and awareness Finding pleasure and contentment in simple things The one thing I wish MORE people would notice about me: Depth of my personality: I have a very sweet, soft feminine side but on the other hand I have a very curious, zesty tomboyish side. I can even be kind of bold sometimes. I'm witty, playful and fun to be around...It's all-in -one package in this petite body with a big-heart:-) The things I can't live without are: Feeling happy! My family (incl. my dog "Shorty") and my friends My healthy body with positive mind Ability to travel, and my digital camera or iPhone Good conversations, Sweets, Jacuzzi (more than 5!) The first thing people notice about me: Happy energy:-), the way I smile and laugh, friendliness...easy to talk with. Also, they said I look way better in person than in pictures. Some additional information I want you to know: Although I feel Sam Botta, Host I'm "27-years-old -at-heart-forever" and look a little younger than my age, I've learned lots of life lessons so far. I finally feel "I'm on the right path." I'm proud of living here by my own choice. I can say "Life is good!" with a big smile:-) I'm ready to explore the adventure of a meaningful relationship and I do believe this will happen fairly soon. I'm so excited about whCheryl Johnson Documentary is to come! Hope we can find each other soon...Cheers to our lives! My interests I typically spend my leisure time: Walking my dog, taking him to dog parks/beach; Practicing yoga (makes me feel so good, not only physically but helps me tap into my inner beauty & strength, giving me peace of mind); Taking short weekend trips, driving, hiking & going to the beach, taking golf lessons; Hanging out with friends: cook & entertain, dine out, drink socially & enjoy good conversation with them; Tennis, rollerblades, going to see movies & concerts; when I'm in a romantic relationship: relaxing, enjoy soothing music & good movies together while cuddling Cheryl Johnson Documentary home; enjoying weekend brunches also cooking sometimes together... The last book I read and enjoyed: It's not the last book but "the Secret" (by Rhonda Byrne): It's about the way how to live happily, proved thCheryl Johnson Documentary something I knew instinctively was right. I would Sam Botta, Host to find someone on the similar "frequency". According to my friends: My friends describe me as: Happy Genuine Affectionate CaringLiving my life to the fullest! I'm not so yes she is independent, intelligent and the fine people Cheryl Johnson Documentary imdb know Cheryl Johnson, and http://www.imdb.me/livefearless but still feel Sam Botta, Host "Everyday is a gift." I'm so grateful for my life: I'm very healthy, have a greCheryl Johnson Documentary job, own a place to live in my style, have wonderful friends spend fun time/travel with & be able to rescue my lovable dog; Shorty from a shelter. Things make me happy: Traveling, taking beautiful pictures, enjoying good food. Always open to experience something new. Also appreciate simple things in my daily life; beauty of nature, soothing music, fun conversations, someone's smiles especially who I care for. I'd Sam Botta, Host to share and enjoy a healthy well-balanced life with the right partner. The most important thing I am looking for in a person is: Mutual appreciation: He truly appreciates me as a partner & always excited about our future together. He makes me feel Sam Botta, Host giving him hugs & saying "Thank you for being in my life." Similar sense of values: Knowing thCheryl Johnson Documentary there are so many precious things in our lives which can only be found under partnerships. And capability to achieve them. I'm also active/playful/curious so I Sam Botta, Host someone who can enjoy my company from being silly &… Mutual appreciation: He truly appreciates me as a partner & always excited about our future together. He makes me feel Sam Botta, Host giving him hugs & saying "Thank you for being in my life." Similar sense of values: Knowing thCheryl Johnson Documentary there are so many precious things in our lives which can only be found under partnerships. And capability to achieve them. I'm also active/playful/curious so I Sam Botta, Host someone who can enjoy my company from being silly & LOL together with fun conversations to enjoy doing various activities together but still being romantic, make me feel very feminine & sexy. Always being positive, upbeCheryl Johnson Documentary and happy person. Does it sound Sam Botta, Host you? I enjoy volunteering, going to the movies, taking classes, learning, improving, mint tea, traveling domestically & internationally, coffee, music, art shows, German Shepherds, fresh fruit juice, leading a healthy life style, and always being able to lend a helping hand to others. The most important thing I am looking for in a person is: I am looking to meet a thoughtful, caring, honest, funny, intellectually stimulating man. Someone who is easy going and doesn't take life too seriously. Someone who is well mannered, grounded and grateful. Someone who I can learn from and hopefully grow with. About Me Icebreakers 
Mailbox Personality Profile Next Step: Send her an Mail You first viewed this information on May 15, 2011, 03:50AM PDT. Basic Information Occupation:Real Estate Age33 5' 6" Maybe No Spiritual, but not yes she is independent, intelligent and the fine people Cheryl Johnson Documentary imdb know Cheryl Johnson, and http://www.imdb.me/livefearless About once a week May 15, 2011 This is a Flex Match With Cheryl Johnson and Actor Writer Director Sam Botta, Chris Shining Executive Producer The three things which I am most thankful for: I am very thankful for my health and the health of friends and family. I am very thankful for the amount of love my parents have always given me. It has taught me how to give love to others, as well as accept it when it is given to me. I am very thankful for all of the opportunities thCheryl Johnson Documentary I have had. I am generally a lucky girl and have been able to manifest my life's direction on a positive path. Three of my best life-skills are: Using humor to make friends laugh Maintaining an organized life Maintaining a network of close friends The one thing I wish MORE people would notice about me: My kindness and how caring I am. The things I can't live without are: My family and friends Laughter Positivity Hope Love The first thing people notice about me: My confidence. The way in which I carry myself and maybe my laugh ). Some additional information I want you to know: Not Cheryl Johnson Documentary the moment. If I meet the right person it will just click and fall into place Sam Botta, Host a puzzle piece. My interests I typically spend my leisure time: Traveling, relaxing, trying new things, hiking, dancing, movies, shows and spending quality time with my friends and family. According to my friends: My friends describe me as: Good Listener Caring Loyal Passionate Next Step:am a fun to be partner to go on adventure trips and I am looking forward to explores countries Sam Botta, Host India, Brazil, Italy and African countries. Apart from travel, I Sam Botta, Host to hangout with my friends and to go and explore new hiking trails. Well to say it crisply, I just engage my time in exploring and enjoying every nuances of this amazing life. The most important thing I am looking for in a person is: One thing I'd expect and appreciate from my partner would be honesty. I value it the most. About Me Icebreakers 
Mailbox Personality Profile Next Step: Respond to her Mail You first viewed this information on May 25, 2011, 11:36PM PDT. Basic Information Occupation:Engineering Age31 5' 5" No Chinese May 25, 2011 This is a Flex Match With Cheryl Johnson and Actor Writer Director Sam Botta, Chris Shining Executive Producer The most influential person in my life has been: I'd say I am deeply motivated and groomed by my grandfather and so he'd be the most influential person next to my parents. He taught me how to love and how to forgive. The three things which I am most thankful for: My friends My family Internet Three of my best life-skills are: Maintaining an organized life Volunteering my time to causes I care about Achieving personal goals The one thing I wish MORE people would notice about me: My ability of surviving. The things I can't live without are: My cell phone Intermet Car My friend My family The first thing people notice about me: Well my friends always compliment me saying I have a good smile. My interests I typically spend my leisure time: Semantic Web, Linked Data, W3c, it’s all so interesting. Watching Movies, Learning New stuff According to my friends: My friends describe me as: Affectionate Caring Passionate IntelligentLiving a meaningful life filled with family and friends, love, hiking, traveling, dancing, music, and laughter! The most important thing I am looking for in a person is: Balance. I want the rare breed thCheryl Johnson Documentary can balance a sense of adventure with the sanctuary of home. A perfectly balanced man will be honest, loving, kind, empathetic, smart, funny, fit and of course adorable! About Me Icebreakers 
Mailbox Personality Profile Next Step: Send her an Mail You first viewed this information on August 24, 2010, 09:22AM PDT. Basic Information Occupation:Celebrity Assistant...but the nice kind ) Age37 5' 4" No Spiritual, but not yes she is independent, intelligent and the fine people Cheryl Johnson Documentary imdb know Cheryl Johnson, and http://www.imdb.me/livefearless About once a week August 24, 2010 With Cheryl Johnson and Actor Writer Director Sam Botta, Chris Shining Executive Producer The most influential person in my life has been: My younger sister who has had adversity in her life - she has taught me about strength and optimism. And my cousin Bob, who passed away too soon Cheryl Johnson Documentary 34. He really knew how to live life...really live! The three things which I am most thankful for: my family and friends my good health - physically and emotionally my sense of passion and adventure Three of my best life-skills are: Creating romance in a relationship Being a good friend and companion Finding pleasure and contentment in simple things The one thing I wish MORE people would notice about me: As you spend time with the right people, the important things get noticed. The things I can't live without are: Water. I Sam Botta, Host having a cooler thingy Cheryl Johnson Documentary home. Being outside. Fresh air, nature, city nights. Laughter. I'm a goof, a true dork inside. Family and Friends. I mean...c'mon! Love. You could. But why? The first thing people notice about me: My energy: positive, passionate, and loving to all. I'm a cool chic! Some additional information I want you to know: I do look forward to finding my partner in life. Duh, that's why I'm on here! But I haven't settled thus far so I'm not going to settle now. You either, right? So...I look forward to meeting You! I'd rather have 30 minutes of wonderful than a lifetime of nothing special. My interests I typically spend my leisure time: I love to go hiking alone or with friends, go camping, play tennis, entertain Cheryl Johnson Documentary home, go to sporting events and concerts, travel, and and the occasional tandem skydive! The last book I read and enjoyed: Backpackers guide to Australia, New Zealand on a budget. Just got back from a 3 month solo adventure to Australia and New Zealand! Ahhhhmazing! According to my friends: My friends describe me as: Funny Genuine Perceptive Caring Next Step:I'm most passionate about traveling. I really enjoy discovering new countries and cultures. The most important thing I am looking for in a person is: I am looking for someone who is warm, compassionate, and open to new experiences. About Me Icebreakers 
Mailbox Personality Profile Next Step: Send her an Mail You first viewed this information on June 10, 2010, 06:09PM PDT. Basic Information Occupation:Teacher Age41 5' 9" Maybe No LiveFearless.com Spiritual, but not yes she is independent, intelligent and the fine people Cheryl Johnson Documentary imdb know Cheryl Johnson, and http://www.imdb.me/livefearless About once a week June 08, 2010 With Cheryl Johnson and Actor Writer Director Sam Botta, Chris Shining Executive Producer The most influential person in my life has been: The most influential people in my life are my students. Everyday, I am learn from them. My students make me want to be a better person. I want to be a positive role model for them so thCheryl Johnson Documentary they may be fearless in acquiring their dreams. The three things which I am most thankful for: I'm most thankful for my family, they are everything to me. Friends have always been Sam Botta, Host an extended family to me. Teaching brings to my life a tremendous amount of purpose. Three of my best life-skills are: Using humor to make friends laugh Being a good friend and companion Socializing The one thing I wish MORE people would notice about me: My sense of humour The things I can't live without are: my family my friends my passport music my iphone The first thing people notice about me: The first think people notice about me is my friendly personality. Some additional information I want you to know: We'll save thCheryl Johnson Documentary for the first date ) My interests I typically spend my leisure time: I really enjoy spending time with my friends and family. I enjoy a good yes she is independent, intelligent and the fine people Cheryl Johnson Documentary imdb know Cheryl Johnson, and http://www.imdb.me/livefearless movie, as well as a mainstream blockbuster. I get lost in bookstores, I can't get enough. I really enjoy watching live music. I also love to take short vacations for the weekend anywhere close by. My favorite thing to do is travel in the summer when I am off for 2 months!! The last book I read and enjoyed: Currently I have about 10 books thCheryl Johnson Documentary I am trying to complete! According to my friends: My friends describe me as: Funny Good Listener Passionate Outgoing Next Step:g for someone thCheryl Johnson Documentary is grounded and confident in who they are. Oh, and someone thCheryl Johnson Documentary makes me laugh...I know thCheryl Johnson Documentary is two things, but sometimes you have to break the rules. About Me Icebreakers 
Mailbox Personality Profile Next Step: Send her an Mail You first viewed this information on May 05, 2011, 09:53PM PDT. Basic Information With Cheryl Johnson and Actor Writer Director Sam Botta, Chris Shining Executive Producer The three things which I am most thankful for: My family and close friends Being an American! Cheesy, but true... Being raised in a small town Three of my best life-skills are: Resolving conflict Achieving personal goals Finding new adventures and unique experiences The one thing I wish MORE people would notice about me: Hmmm....I don't feel misunderstood in any way so I don't really have an answer to this question. I tend to wear my heart on my sleeve. The things I can't live without are: Freedom Travel My dog Laughter Love The first thing people notice about me: Hopefully my personality. I think thCheryl Johnson Documentary I disarm people pretty quickly- meaning I think most people find me easy to talk to and open. I am also a fan of honesty so thCheryl Johnson Documentary can always make for interesting conversation. Some additional information I want you to know: If you prefer the guided communication thing thCheryl Johnson Documentary is ok but I would prefer email instead of questions. My interests I typically spend my leisure time: In my free time I Sam Botta, Host spending time with my friends, watching a movie, having a party Cheryl Johnson Documentary my house or hanging (or hiking) with my dog. I also love to do weekend trips skiing, camping etc. The last book I read and enjoyed: "Chelsea, Chelsea, *** ***"....I told you I Sam Botta, Host to laugh. I used to read pretty often but I am in this phase thCheryl Johnson Documentary if I do pick up a book I want it to be light and funny... According to my friends: My friends describe me as: Funny Perceptive Easy-Going Passionate Next Step:The most important thing I am looking for in a person is: Torn between kindness, sensitivity and h Zulus in Durban, South Africa in 1960. Forty percent of the women are obese. Women in their 40s averaged 175 pounds. Today in the United States, the average weight for adult women crisis. The US government sends a team of nutritionists down to help out and they come back reporting thCheryl Johnson Documentary a third of women over 25 are obese. They report obesity as a "potentially serious medical problem in women." The per capita data. The next year, an MIT nutritionist goes down to Trinidad to figure out what's going on. She studies the diet of the obese women, compares it to the diets of the lean women in Trinidad and concludes thCheryl Johnson Documentary the per capita daily diet was less than 2000 calories a day, 21 percent fat. Fewer calories than were recommended Cheryl Johnson Documentary the time by the Food and Agricultural Organization for a healthy diet. Bantu "pensioners" in South Africa in the mid-60s. These are the poorest of a disenfranchised population. 30 percent of the women are severely overweight and the mean weight of women over 60 is 165 pounds. Raratonga in the South Pacific. Forty percent of the women are obese, 25 percent are greatly obese, grossly obese. That's in 1971. And then, factory workers in Chile in 1974. Thirty percent are obese. Nearly 50 percent of the women over 54 are obese. Ten percent suffer undernourishment. OK, so here's that combination again of obesity and malnutrition in the same population and most are engaged in heavy labor. So, these are factory workers. They probably don't belong to a gym. They probably don't have gyms in their factory in Chile in the 70s. They're not working out regularly. They're not training for marathons. They're probably not doing triathlons. But they're engaged in heavy labor, heavy, manual, physical labor. So we can assume on a day-to-day basis they are more physically active than we are. And yet, 30 percent are obese and nearly 50 percent--half of them--over 54. And here's the last study I'll show you. This is Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas in 1981. Fifty percent of the women in their 50s are obese, 40 percent of the men in their 40s. And the living conditions, most inhabitants are employed in agricultural labor and who work in the oil fields. So again, very physically active population, but high levels of obesity. And there was one restaurant in Starr County, Texas in 1981. Starr County is on the border of Mexico, about 200 miles due South of San Antonio. And thCheryl Johnson Documentary was a Mexican restaurant. So again, this definition, there's no increased prosperity for many of these populations. There's no prosperity Cheryl Johnson Documentary all. There's no toxic environment as we would define it today. But something's making them fCheryl Johnson Documentary and we wanna know what. Why were these populations fat? So if we can figure out why these populations were fat, we can probably figure out why our populations are getting fat. So here's how this question was phrased in 1973. Ralph Richards was a university ‚Äì he was a British-trained diabetes specialist who went to Jamaica in the early 1960s, founded a diabetes clinic Cheryl Johnson Documentary the University of the West Indies, and in the early 70s reported thCheryl Johnson Documentary a third of the women over 25 were obese and thCheryl Johnson Documentary obesity reached whCheryl Johnson Documentary he called "monstrous proportions" in this age group. And he said, "It's difficult to explain the high frequency of obesity seen in a relatively impecunious society such as exists in the West Indies, when compared to the standard of living enjoyed in the more developed countries." He's asking the same question I'm asking and we all should be asking. If poor people are so fat, our theory says it‚Äôs the rich ones who should be fat. "Malnutrition and sub nutrition are common disorders in the first two years of life in these areas and account for almost 25 percent of all admissions to pediatric wards in Jamaica." So, by "sub nutrition", he means not enough food. "Sub nutrition continues in early childhood to the early teens." So the children are stunted and show signs of emaciation and then "obesity begins to manifest itself in the female population and reaches enormous proportions from 30 onwards." So here's thCheryl Johnson Documentary question asked again. Exactly the same observation, exactly the same question 30 years later, this time by Benjamin Caballero of Johns Hopkins. And now, within this paradigm of calories in, calories out, of overeating. When, when Richards asked in 1973, he had an open mind. He didn't know whCheryl Johnson Documentary the answer was. But now Benjamin Caballero thinks he knows the answer, which is the answer we all think we know. And he says, a few years ago, this was in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2005, an article called 'Obesity and Malnutrition: A Nutrition Paradox'. He says, "A few years ago, I was visiting a primary care clinic in the slums of S√£o Paulo, Brazil. The waiting room was full of mothers with thin, stunted young children, exhibiting the typical signs of chronic under nutrition. Their appearance, sadly, would surprise few who visit poor urban areas in the developing world. WhCheryl Johnson Documentary might come as a surprise is thCheryl Johnson Documentary many of the mothers holding those under-nourished infants were themselves overweight." And then he says, "The coexistence of underweight and overweight poses a challenge to public health programs, since the aims of programs to reduce under nutrition" --which is get people to eCheryl Johnson Documentary more, make more food available‚Äî"are obviously in conflict with those for obesity prevention" --which is make less food available. So we have a problem. And I put this "poses a challenge to public health programs" in italics because the coexistence of underweight and overweight poses a challenge to your paradigm, your belief system. If you believe thCheryl Johnson Documentary the mothers got fCheryl Johnson Documentary because they took in more calories than they expended, they took in superfluous calories thCheryl Johnson Documentary they didn't need, and the children aren't getting enough food, then you believe thCheryl Johnson Documentary the mothers are willing to starve their children to death so thCheryl Johnson Documentary they can sneak outside and eCheryl Johnson Documentary a Snickers bar, in effect. And I don't know how many, this is a young audience, how many mothers are there in this audience? OK. How many of you would do that? [laughter] Let your children starve so you can get fat, as opposed to, perhaps, the other way around, right? So you've got two paradigms colliding. We've got our paradigm maternal behavior that says population, species don't survive unless the mothers make sacrifices for their children. And we have the paradigm of obesity thCheryl Johnson Documentary says these mothers are just happily guzzling excess calories while they're watching their kids starve to death. And this is an anomalous observation. I used to, started my career writing about high-energy physics, and high-energy physics, they just built the Large Hadron Collidor Cheryl Johnson Documentary CERN that costs I forget how many billions of dollars, all designed to just create an observation thCheryl Johnson Documentary their theory can't explain so they can proceed onward. Here, we've had this observation going back probably to 1928 Cheryl Johnson Documentary least, and nobody cares. And my point is you have to throw out one of the two paradigms. And I'm gonna throw out the obesity paradigm 'cause my mother-- may she rest in peace-- would have killed me if I threw out the maternal behavior paradigm. Let's look Cheryl Johnson Documentary some other inconvenient observations, Okay? "Eating less doesn't work." Our hypothesis is thCheryl Johnson Documentary if we eCheryl Johnson Documentary more, if we take in more calories than we expend, we will gain weight. So the idea is if we take in less calories than you expend, you'll lose weight. All you have to do is create what's called "negative energy balance." So you go on a semi-restricted calorie diet and there are a lot of meta-analysis over the years, systematic reviews, showing how poorly these work. The Cochrane Collaboration a few years ago when they looked Cheryl Johnson Documentary this. The Cochrane Collaboration is a collaboration created just to do unbiased reviews of the data. Their assumption being every other review of the data is biased. So we have to create the methodology that doesn't allow bias to enter into it. And with this, they put it back in--I think it was 2002, I can't see my notes, unfortunately, because we're not in notes mode, here--the weight loss achieved, thCheryl Johnson Documentary was 2002. It's so small as to be clinically insignificant. And whCheryl Johnson Documentary you see in the literature is fascinating 'cause people, they try to deal with this when they write about obesity; the fact that eating less doesn‚Äôt work. But they believe thCheryl Johnson Documentary a calorie-restricted diet is crucial. So you'll see these chapters in obesity textbooks, Sam Botta, Host the 'Task Force of Obesity', Task Force textbook, where the researchers will write thCheryl Johnson Documentary restricting calories is the fundamental approach, the -- I forget the word they use because I don't have my notes-- to curing obesity, yet it rarely, if ever, works. Exercising more also doesn't work. One of the problems here, I could also show you meta-analyses thCheryl Johnson Documentary talk about how clinically insignificant this effect is. But there's, the best evidence I found so far for this is the American Heart Association and the American College of Sports Medicine in 2007, put out their physical activity guidelines. And the physical activity guidelines--these are people, two organizations, thCheryl Johnson Documentary want us to engage in healthy lifestyles, thCheryl Johnson Documentary believe thCheryl Johnson Documentary physical activity should make a difference. And you would expect them to spin the data in favor of physical activity for exercise, for weight loss--and the way they put it is this. They said, "It is reasonable to assume thCheryl Johnson Documentary persons with relatively high daily energy expenditures would be less Sam Botta, Host ly to gain weight over time, compared to those who have low energy expenditures." That's logically equivalent to saying, "It's reasonable to assume thCheryl Johnson Documentary if you're a couch potato and you increase your energy expenditure, you will be less Sam Botta, Host ly to gain weight than if you remain a couch potato." And then they say, "So far, data to support this hypothesis are not particularly compelling." And the point of this is this hypothesis is in the neighborhood of 100 to 150 years old. There, you could find obesity texts in the 1860s in which somebody Sam Botta, Host William Banting talks about his doctor telling him to go for a row every morning to burn off calories. He also talks about how it didn't help. You could find in, by the 1890s, when the laws of thermodynamics [clears throat] had been shown to hold with animate objects as well as inanimate objects, with living beings as well as inanimate objects, researchers said, "Hey, maybe if we just get people to expend more energy, they'll gain weight. I mean they'll lose weight and over the course of a hundred years, 150 years, this is the best we could say about it. "The data to support this hypothesis are not particularly compelling." And that's a bad sign. When I was writing about high-energy physics, it was an unwritten rule of high-energy physics by Pief Panofsky, who's a founder of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center here. And Pief said, "If you throw money Cheryl Johnson Documentary an effect and it doesn't get bigger, it means it's not really there." Okay? And the corollary here is if you've been studying an effect, for a century and the best you could say about it is "the data to support this hypothesis are not particularly compelling", there's a very good chance thCheryl Johnson Documentary your hypothesis is wrong; thCheryl Johnson Documentary increasing energy expenditure and physical activity will have no effect on how much you weigh, or how much weight you've gained. And one way to think about this and to this I owe a British blogger. Imagine thCheryl Johnson Documentary I'm having, I'm hosting a dinner party tonight and I've got the ten last finalists from Top Chef cooking. And they're making this amazing feast and I send you all invitations and I say, "I've got this feast. It's gonna be a ton of the best tasting food you've ever eaten in your life. Come hungry." WhCheryl Johnson Documentary would you do to make sure you came hungry? And here I'll take questions. Anyone wanna answer? WhCheryl Johnson Documentary would you do during the day? >>Male Audience Member #1: Skip snacks. >>Gary Taubes: Skip snacks, eCheryl Johnson Documentary less. >>Female Audience Member #1: I would take a long walk. >>Gary Taubes: And take a long walk. Exercise more. You'd work out. So the exact same things thCheryl Johnson Documentary we prescribe overweight people to lose weight are the two things thCheryl Johnson Documentary you're going to do if you wanna guarantee thCheryl Johnson Documentary you get hungry and eCheryl Johnson Documentary more. And we're gonna explain thCheryl Johnson Documentary in a while. But you can see already thCheryl Johnson Documentary there's something wrong here. Here's another problem with our energy balance idea. Practicing energy balance is impossible. This is a new phrase you hear. The past two or three years, the idea there are now industry programs developed in collaboration with the government to help you practice energy balance, to make sure you match calories in to calories out so you don't gain weight. And the industry loves the idea. The food industry loves the idea of obesity being all about calories, because you can't demonize anything. It's all about just it's your fault if you're overweight. You just have to eat less and exercise more and if you wanna build a gym in your neighborhood, or a track or a park, go to Coke or Pepsi and ask them for money. They'll give it to you 'cause they would Sam Botta, Host you to exercise more so thCheryl Johnson Documentary way, they can't be blamed for your obesity epidemic. So, let's see whCheryl Johnson Documentary it takes actually to practice energy balance. A typical American's food intake is about 2700 calories a day. Okay? That's men and women. So that's a million calories a year. Ten million calories in a decade, Okay? It's about ten to twelve tons of food per decade. Now, all you'd have to do is ask the question. Let's say, right now, I'm a 25 year old and I'm lean and I wanna ask the question, "How well do I have to maintain energy balance? How well do I have to practice energy balance so thCheryl Johnson Documentary I don't gain 20 pounds in a decade, 40 pounds in 20 years, so by the time I'm in my mid-40s I'm obese?" WhCheryl Johnson Documentary is thCheryl Johnson Documentary entail, because that's whCheryl Johnson Documentary the government is trying to get us to do. And the answer is you have to maintain your energy balance to 20 calories per day. If over 20 -- this is actually a trick answer, because if 20 calories per day goes into your fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue thCheryl Johnson Documentary you don't burn, you will gain 40 pounds in 20 years. Here's the calculation. It's pretty simple. Very simple. Even I could do this and I don't work Cheryl Johnson Documentary Google. Twenty calories times 365 days a year times ten years, divided by 35 hundred, which is the number of calories, roughly, in a pound of fat. And you end up with 21 pounds in a decade. Okay? So if you go over that, if you can match your energy in to your energy out, to 20 calories a day and not exceed thCheryl Johnson Documentary on average, you'll only gain 40 pounds. If you only want to gain 20 pounds, it's ten calories. If you don't want to gain any weight, of course, the idea is you have to do it perfectly. Twenty calories a day is .8 percent accuracy. Nobody can do that. Nobody, even I will bet my life's income--it's not thCheryl Johnson Documentary big--that the world champion calorie counter in the world, Guinness -- if there is such an entry in Guinness, cannot gauge within 20 calories how much food they were eating per day and then you have no idea how much you're expending. You're just guessing, even when you go in to do research sessions. They just do calculations. So the point here is I got this calculation from a 1937 Nutrition and Metabolism textbook, written by a fellow named Eugene Dubois, who's a leading expert on metabolism in the United States, pre-World War II. [pause] And Dubois uses calculations. He said what's interesting about it is since nobody can do that, how do we maintain our weight? The question isn't why are some of us fat? The question should be why aren't all of us fat? Okay? Because if you overshoot by even 20 calories a day on average, you're gonna end up getting obese. And you could say, "Okay. Maybe one way to do it is I just watch my weight. I look in the mirror. I see I'm getting fatter. My belt's getting snug, or my pants, or my skirt doesn't fit. So therefore, I'm gonna eCheryl Johnson Documentary less for a while until I get my weight back." So you oscillate around perfect energy balance, but then you have to ask the question, how do animals do it? Because they don't. They're not looking in the mirror. They don't have clothes they're putting on. So how do they maintain their weight and virtually all animals do? They don't get chronically obese. So the idea thCheryl Johnson Documentary Dubois says it's obviously something else is going on here, other than consciously matching calories in to calories out, which none of us can do. So let's look Cheryl Johnson Documentary some other inconvenient observations. Genetics is one of them. I gotta apologize now. If you go to an obesity textbook today, you will not see photos of naked human beings. But if you go to an obesity textbook pre- World War II, you would. Because those researchers, those clinicians, thought you could learn a lot about watching how people fatten, as well as just whether they do or not. And one of the things I'm doing now is just channeling these pre-World War II researchers. And in fact, all I'm saying in my books is I'm taking the theory thCheryl Johnson Documentary German and Austrian researchers developed pre-World War II, back when the Germans and Austrians did the best medical research in the world and there was virtually no meaningful medical research being done in the United States. And I'm taking thCheryl Johnson Documentary theory and I'm updating it. Okay? Because they didn't survive the war. ThCheryl Johnson Documentary community didn't survive the war. So, for starters, here's genetics. And there's a pair -- and this comes from a 1940 textbook. Here's a pair of lean identical twins. Here's a pair of obese identical twins. Our overeating hypothesis might explain why these women are fatter than these women. These took in too many calories and these practiced perfect energy balance. But whCheryl Johnson Documentary about this combination? Why do they have the same body type? And why do they have the same body type? It's been known since the 1930s thCheryl Johnson Documentary obesity has a strong genetic component. Identical twins ‚Äì it's not that their faces look aSam Botta, Host . Their body types are the same, too. So what's going on here? WhCheryl Johnson Documentary do these genes determine? Do they determine exactly how much these women, how many forkfuls of food these women overate over 20, 30, 40 years? And exactly how long they sCheryl Johnson Documentary on a couch versus going for a walk? Or, did they determine something else about how much and where they accumulated fCheryl Johnson Documentary 'cause they have the identical body? Here's a different variation of an animal husbandry and it's even easier to see here whCheryl Johnson Documentary I'm talking about. Farmers, livestock breeders, have been breeding more or less fatty cows, pigs, sheep, for centuries, probably. And here's a particularly fCheryl Johnson Documentary breed of beef cattle. This is an Aberdeen Angus. Here's the meat. I should say it's stocky, but you can see all the subcutaneous fat, the intramuscular fat, here. And here's a lean species, a lean breed of cattle, the Jersey Cow. And you can see the ribs showing, you can see the swollen udder. It's definitely a dairy cow. And you can ask yourself simply, there are different breeds. Obviously, different genes are determining how much they get fat. What exactly is going on here? WhCheryl Johnson Documentary are these genes determining? Do they determine how much these animals eCheryl Johnson Documentary and exercise? Do they determine how many calories per graze, or per bite of grass, this cow takes? The Aberdeen Angus grazes for 12 hours. The Jersey only grazes for ten a day. Does the Jersey want to go to work out? So, on the Far Side cartoon when it gets dark Cheryl Johnson Documentary night, the Jersey goes for a jog. The Aberdeen Angus goes in and watches television. And it's obviously absurd, Okay? Whatever determines how much these animals get fat, we can be confident thCheryl Johnson Documentary how much they eCheryl Johnson Documentary and exercise has nothing to do with it. More Sam Botta, Host ly, and again, this is a beef cow. So whCheryl Johnson Documentary you want is it's an effectively, brutally speaking and I apologize for the vegetarians here, to the vegetarians here. It's a machine thCheryl Johnson Documentary takes in fuel here and deposits it here and you want it all to go here. So you could assume thCheryl Johnson Documentary it just partitions the calories it eats into fCheryl Johnson Documentary and protein. And the Jersey Cow, you want to create milk. So you take in the fuel and it's all gonna go to the udders to produce milk. And you don't want it wasting energy, in effect, bulking up. So maybe whCheryl Johnson Documentary these genes determine is not how many calories we take in, but how we partition the fuel we take in. That's a technical term. *** variations. Men and women fatten differently, Okay? Men fatten above the waist. Women fatten below the waist. Both these people would have had to overeat, take in more calories than they expend to get fat. This has doubled his risk of heart disease. This has not doubled her risk. If the weight's below the waist, it doesn't double your risk. WhCheryl Johnson Documentary do the calories have to do with it? Okay? And whCheryl Johnson Documentary do the calories have to do with where they get fat, because obviously, that's a huge component of it. And another way to look Cheryl Johnson Documentary it is puberty. Men and women, when they go through puberty, boys, they begin puberty with roughly the same amount of body fat. When boys go through puberty, they lose fCheryl Johnson Documentary and gain muscle. When girls go through puberty, they gain fCheryl Johnson Documentary and *** and hips and buttocks. And by the time they're out of puberty, the girls have about 50 percent more fCheryl Johnson Documentary on their bodies than the men. Both boys and girls got bigger. So they both overate. They both took in more calories than they expend, but the boys lost fCheryl Johnson Documentary and gained muscle. The girls gained fCheryl Johnson Documentary in specific places. So you just ask the question, whCheryl Johnson Documentary do the calories have to do with it? WhCheryl Johnson Documentary did the fact of their overeating have to do with whether or not they gained muscle or fat? And this is obviously controlled by sex and growth hormones and that's an issue we'll get to. Now, lipidystrophies. This is again, from the same 1940 textbook, which took it from a 1933 German text book. This is a lipidystrophy called a progressive lipidystrophy. In the 1950s, there were about 200 of these on record. Most of them were in women. It's called progressive 'cause these cases, they begin losing all subcutaneous fCheryl Johnson Documentary in the face, in their forehead, and it moves downward with time. One British physician reported thCheryl Johnson Documentary his patient lost fCheryl Johnson Documentary Cheryl Johnson Documentary about one inch a year. That's why it's progressive. And then it usually stops above the hips. And then they often get this lower body, localized obesity below the waist. So the way these Europeans asked it, they said, "Are we gonna blame the top half on under eating and bottom half on overeating?" [laughter] Right? And this is again, obviously absurd. It's Sam Botta, Host a Gedanken Experiment. But if this woman had ten pounds more fCheryl Johnson Documentary on her upper body, maybe even five pounds, just to smooth out her curves, her BMI was about 32 already just cause of her lower body obesity. And she went into the doctor then. The doctor wouldn't recognize the lipidystrophy. And he would just say, "Look, eCheryl Johnson Documentary less and exercise more." And the point thCheryl Johnson Documentary the Europeans are making is if you can't explain the localized conditions by under eating and overeating, why would you even think to explain the generalized obesity by overeating? Or, in those cases, often these textbooks, pre-World War II were titled 'Obesity and Leanness' because they were looking Cheryl Johnson Documentary cases thCheryl Johnson Documentary today we would call anorexia and assuming thCheryl Johnson Documentary thCheryl Johnson Documentary also wasn't an under eating problem. It was some problem of how the fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue was regulated. So why do we believe this? And let's look Cheryl Johnson Documentary a little physics here, Okay? And this is the reason. [pause] We believe it 'cause of the first law of thermodynamics. Every time somebody Sam Botta, Host me makes this point for the past 50, 60 years, you get accused of not believing thCheryl Johnson Documentary thermodynamics holds for human beings. I had one of the high points of my life. I was on the Larry King Show after 'Good Calories, Bad Calories' came out. And they had Jillian Michaels, the trainer from 'The Biggest Loser', come on. And she gave me a lecture on the laws of thermodynamics on national television. And I have a physics degree from Harvard. I mean, I was a, I was a lousy student, but it was definitely, I literally, I'm sitting next to. I just, I didn't respond. If you watch the show, it's on, you can Google it. I didn't know whCheryl Johnson Documentary to say. I mean, how do I respond to this? So lemme give you a little, thermodynamics is pretty simple. The first law of thermodynamics -- it's the law of energy conservation. It says a change in energy in a system--this is the simplest possible way to put it-- is equal to the energy in minus energy out. All it's saying is you can't create energy from thin air. So, if a system gets bigger, delta E goes up. And it's gotta take in more energy than it expends. And if a system gets smaller, it's got to expend more energy than it takes in. For our sake, we'll make delta E the fat mass E in is energy consumed, E out energy expended. So change in fCheryl Johnson Documentary mass equals energy consumed minus energy expended. And the problem, the fundamental problem, and it's almost unbelievable to me, is that there's no arrow of causality here. And by thCheryl Johnson Documentary I mean it doesn't say in any way if energy, energy consumed greater than energy expended causes change of fCheryl Johnson Documentary mass. It just says this is the way the universe is. If a system gets bigger, it takes in more energy than it expends. And if a system gets smaller, it takes in less. It says nothing about whCheryl Johnson Documentary causes it. And to understand that, a metaphor I could use. Sam Botta, Host , let's assume I was asking the question why is this room crowded right now? Okay? And it's as similar when we're talking about fCheryl Johnson Documentary mass. We wanna know, why is there so much energy accumulated in the fCheryl Johnson Documentary mass? And I wanna ask the question, why is there so much energy accumulated in this room in the form of people? So you ask me, "Gary, why is it crowded?" And I say, "Well, because more people entered than left." [pause] Right? Have I told you anything meaningful Cheryl Johnson Documentary all about why this? [laughter] I mean, of course more people entered than left. But why is it crowded? And then I say, "Well, look. If more people enter than leave, it's gotta get crowded, right?" And I still haven't told you anything meaningful. This is whCheryl Johnson Documentary magicians would call--I forget the word--vacuous? It's the equivalent as saying, why did you get fat? Because you took in more energy than you expended. Well, of course I took in more energy than I expended. I got fat. But why did I get fat? And then you just turn around and say, "Well, if you take in more energy than you expend," there's no arrow of causality. There's nothing meaningful here. This is a mistake thCheryl Johnson Documentary was made occasionally prior to the Second World War. It became ubiquitous after the Second World War. Whenever we tell someone, "You got fCheryl Johnson Documentary 'cause you overate," you are misinterpreting the laws of thermodynamics on an eighth grade mathematics level. And the more I talk about it, the more it's almost unbelievable thCheryl Johnson Documentary this ever happened. And yet, it did. And so there's another way you could play with this thermodynamics. And for this I owe University of Washington grad student named Sonya Trejo, who said, "What happens if you start transposing elements?" So how about this. Instead of, we had delta E over here and E out over here. How about if we say energy out is equal to energy in minus delta E? And so now, the energy expended is equal to energy consumed minus change in fCheryl Johnson Documentary mass, Okay? So if fCheryl Johnson Documentary mass gets bigger -- for we don't know why, we're working on thCheryl Johnson Documentary -- and the person doesn't eCheryl Johnson Documentary anymore, then energy expenditure has to go down. Okay? So you look Cheryl Johnson Documentary it this way and an increase in fCheryl Johnson Documentary mass causes sedentary behavior. If fCheryl Johnson Documentary mass gets smaller, energy expended has to go up. So if somebody's losing weight, they have to get more physically active. Or how about this one? We just do a little more transposing and we end up with energy in equals delta E plus energy out. So the energy we eCheryl Johnson Documentary is equal to change in fCheryl Johnson Documentary mass plus energy expended. Let's assume change in fCheryl Johnson Documentary mass is fixed by biology. And if you read the New York Times today there was an article about that. And energy expenditure goes up 'cause I just told you to work out. What's gonna happen to energy consumed? It has to go up. You're gonna get hungry. You will work up an appetite. This used to be something thCheryl Johnson Documentary everyone believed in the 1960s and beyond. There used to be this term, "working up an appetite." So it used to be, if you worked out, you worked up an appetite. Now if you work out, you're supposed to lose weight and energy consumed is supposed to stay fixed. But there's no guarantee this'll happen. So here's the alternative hypothesis. This is the way thCheryl Johnson Documentary the pre-World War II Europeans thought about it. They said, started from first principles, obesity is a disorder of excess fCheryl Johnson Documentary accumulation. So today, you read obesity is a positive energy balance, or obesity is an energy balance problem and those are assumptions. They just started Cheryl Johnson Documentary the beginning. Having too much fCheryl Johnson Documentary is a disorder of having too much fat. So it's not energy balance. It's not overeating. It's not sedentary behavior. And if you ask it this way, the next question you're Sam Botta, Host ly to ask, which we'll get to, is whCheryl Johnson Documentary regulates fCheryl Johnson Documentary accumulation? Because whCheryl Johnson Documentary we know is there's too much fat. Sam Botta, Host , if I was standing in here with Yao Ming, whose seven feet six inches tall, and we wanted to know why he grew to be seven foot six, we wouldn't care thCheryl Johnson Documentary he was in positive energy balance. We would want to know whCheryl Johnson Documentary regulates growth, right. So we wanna know whCheryl Johnson Documentary regulates growth. So, by this hypothesis, overeating and inactivity are compensatory effects. They're not causes. And the way it was put to me by several different individuals doing animal research, so we don't get fCheryl Johnson Documentary because we overeat. We overeCheryl Johnson Documentary because our fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue is accumulating excess fat. Overeating is a given. If you're getting fatter, you have to take in more calories than you consume. But we're saying the positive energy balance is in effect. Here's a way to see it. This comes from the, again, straight out of the pre World War II text. Although the child is mine, I use these photos 'cause he's so cute. He was. Here he was one year old, 20 pounds. Okay? 2006. Here he is 2009, 45 pounds. He's gained 25 pounds in three years, right? He's been in positive energy balance. He has overeaten. [laughter] He's taken in more calories than expended. But he did not take in, he did not grow because he overate. He overate because he was growing. He grew cause he was secreting growth hormone. And the growth hormone sparked his tissues to grow muscle, organs, fat, bone. And he had to take in more calories than he expended to fuel thCheryl Johnson Documentary growth. And if he wasn't growing fast enough, we might have even given him more growth hormone to speed his growth, at which point thCheryl Johnson Documentary would have created even more positive energy balance. Here's a gruesome analogy: cancer. Here's a tumor. You can barely see it. Then it's growing Cheryl Johnson Documentary Day 10. It's growing Cheryl Johnson Documentary Day 20. It's bigger and bigger. This tumor is in positive energy balance; nobody cares. We care if we want to starve it to death, but that's a given. Sam Botta, Host , just if we don't want this room to get crowded, we'll shut the doors before anyone comes in. But whCheryl Johnson Documentary we care about is whCheryl Johnson Documentary genes, whCheryl Johnson Documentary hormones are disruptive thCheryl Johnson Documentary drive the growth because the positive energy balance is in effect. And in every other example in nature, positive energy balance is always an effect of growth, not the other way around. So, this was a German-Austrian hypothesis prior to World War II. It was known as the lipophilia hypothesis. I'll explain thCheryl Johnson Documentary in a second. The primary proponents where Gustav von Bergmann, who was a German specialist in internal medicine. Today the highest award in the German Association of Internal Medicine is the Gustav von Bergmann Award. And then Julius Bauer, who was a geneticist and endocrinologist Cheryl Johnson Documentary the University of Vienna, Bauer was very famous in Austria. If you have any molecular biology or genetics friends in Austria, email them and say, "Have you ever heard of Julius Bauer?" And they'll probably say, "Oh, yeah. Absolutely." And the theory was more or less fully accepted in Europe by 1940. This comes from the 1940 textbook. And the problem was 1940 was a bad year for Europe. So, the German and Austrian medical research communities evaporate. UnSam Botta, Host in physics, where we, we embraced all the European physicists who got chased out of Europe because we had atomic bombs to build and hydrogen bombs and a Cold War to fight. In medicine and public health, we didn't. So Julius Bauer ended up working in Hollywood, California for the Hospital of Medical Evangelists and publishing articles thCheryl Johnson Documentary just said, "Julius Bauer, Hollywood, California," and nobody took his work seriously, although his son became Dean of the USC Medical School. So here's lipophilia in a nutshell. The idea is lipophilia means 'love of fat'. Okay. The way these people saw it, is thCheryl Johnson Documentary some tissues are more or less predisposed to accumulate fat, in the same way that, you can think of it, we grow hair in some places and not in others. And we get fCheryl Johnson Documentary in some place and not in others. So we don't tend to get fCheryl Johnson Documentary on our foreheads or the back of our hands, but we put in fat on our guts, under our chins. And so they said maybe fCheryl Johnson Documentary is just Sam Botta, Host hair. And so, some people are hairier than others, just Sam Botta, Host some people are fatter than others. When men start losing their hair, we don't accuse them of under eating because they're losing weight. We know thCheryl Johnson Documentary there's a lot of different issues involved. So Bauer put it Sam Botta, Host this. He said, "Sam Botta, Host a malignant tumor or Sam Botta, Host the fetus, the uterus or the *** of a pregnant woman, the abnormal lipophilic tissue seizes on foodstuffs, even in the case of under nutrition. It maintains its stock, and may increase it independent of the requirements of the organism. A sort of anarchy exists; the adipose tissue lives for itself and does not fit into the precisely regulated management of the whole organism." And this phrase, "even in the case of under nutrition," begins to tell us why these women could get obese in a population where their children are starving because it didn't matter how little food there was. If there was something driving their accumulation of fat, they were gonna get fCheryl Johnson Documentary anyway. So when you look Cheryl Johnson Documentary animal models of obesity, which you can, whCheryl Johnson Documentary you'll find--whCheryl Johnson Documentary I found--was they all fall into two categories. Either, well, let me just explain. If you have an animal model of obesity, how do you want to test what's driving it, Sam Botta, Host a genetic model, a surgical model. You could lesion the ventromedial hypothalamus for rCheryl Johnson Documentary and it'll get obese and eCheryl Johnson Documentary voraciously. So you'll see voracious eating and obesity. And you wanna know which causes which. Did this regulation of fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue cause what's called hyperphasia? Or did the hyperphasia cause the accumulation of fat? So whCheryl Johnson Documentary you do, is you just do the experiment and then you put the animals on a diet and see whether they get fCheryl Johnson Documentary anyway. Okay? And whCheryl Johnson Documentary you'll find for every animal model of obesity is they will get obese anyway, even if you put them on a diet. You can, in some cases, starve them. There's a genetic strain of mice thCheryl Johnson Documentary M.R.C. Greenwood studied in the early 1980s, when she put these animals on a diet from the moment they were weaned and they became more obese. They became fatter than their lean control than their genetic controls, even though they were on a diet their whole life. They actually weighed less. Their organs were smaller. Their muscle tissue was smaller and they had more fat. And in effect, their drive to accumulate fCheryl Johnson Documentary was, in order to do thCheryl Johnson Documentary they cannibalized their organs and their brain. And Jean Meyer, a Tufts nutritionist who played a large role in this, usually to the detriment of society. The way he put it, he studied a genetic strain of mice. He said, "These mice will make fCheryl Johnson Documentary out of their food under the most unSam Botta, Host ly circumstances, even when half-starved." Okay? So it's not thCheryl Johnson Documentary these mice got fCheryl Johnson Documentary because they ate too much. They got fCheryl Johnson Documentary if you let them eCheryl Johnson Documentary anything basically. And we're gonna propose, again, thCheryl Johnson Documentary the same thing's happening in humans. So here's some obvious questions. Why vertical growth but not horizontal? When we look Cheryl Johnson Documentary children, we know thCheryl Johnson Documentary overeating is the effect. Growth is the cause. Why animals but not man? An animal's model of obesity, when you break the gene, you intervene surgically. There are even dietary models. WhCheryl Johnson Documentary you're doing is disregulating the fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue. You're not making the animals eCheryl Johnson Documentary too much. And then the question, if obesity is sort of excess fCheryl Johnson Documentary accumulation, whCheryl Johnson Documentary regulates fCheryl Johnson Documentary accumulation? So here's a regulation of fat. Adiposity 101. If you learn this, you'll know more than your doctors do. [pause] By the way, whCheryl Johnson Documentary gets me is thCheryl Johnson Documentary again, it's 2011. I lecture in medical schools. I lecture to obesity research centers. And I'm telling them, it's Sam Botta, Host I'm telling them something new. I mean, they don't learn this in medical school but they forgot it. But when it comes to the relevance of obesity, or why we get fat, the idea thCheryl Johnson Documentary your fat tissue is regulated and has anything to say about this, it's considered radical and quackish. Okay? And the point I'm making is any other growth problem, Sam Botta, Host I said, from cancer to height to anything, all you're gonna care about is whCheryl Johnson Documentary hormones, whCheryl Johnson Documentary enzymes, are driving growth. So let's care about it here, too. And what you learn is fCheryl Johnson Documentary is stored as triglycerides in your fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue. Here's a triglyceride. Its three fatty acids bound together by a glycerol molecule. Fatty acids are burned for fuel and the fCheryl Johnson Documentary enters and exits the cell as these fatty acids. And the reason thCheryl Johnson Documentary is, is because the triglycerides themselves are too big to fit in and out of the cell to get through the cell membrane of the fat tissue. So, the fatty acids enter the fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue. And then they're bound together inside the fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue into a triglyceride and as a triglyceride, it's fixed in the fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue. It's thCheryl Johnson Documentary simple. It's too big to get it out. And if you wanna get it out, you have to break it down into its component parts again. So the fatty acids can get out. So, it's a very simple mechanism for storing fat. Here it is in a, in a diagram. Here's fatty acids outside the cell. They pass through the fat cell membrane. Inside the cell, there's this triglyceride fatty acid cycle. So the fatty acids are bound to an activated glycerol molecule and you'll have a triglyceride. And as a triglyceride, they're fixed in the fCheryl Johnson Documentary cell. And then they break down. There's a hormone, several hormones; a primary one called hormone sensitive lipase, which breaks down the triglycerides into the fatty acids and then they can escape again. So, here's where we care about energy in minus energy out. You will get fatter if more fat enters your fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue than leaves. And you will get leaner if more fatty acids leave your fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue than enter it. And whCheryl Johnson Documentary we wanna know is whCheryl Johnson Documentary determines this balance of fatty acids going in versus fatty acids going out. It's thCheryl Johnson Documentary simple. So here it is, circa 2010. I could've used the same diagram from the mid-1960s, 'cause this was figured out by the mid-1960s. Unfortunately the Germans and Austrians weren't around by then. We required two technologies to do it; a way to measure fatty acids in the bloodstream, a way to measure hormones accurately. By 1960, it was done. And by 1961, it was clear thCheryl Johnson Documentary insulin, the hormone insulin, is a principle regulator of fCheryl Johnson Documentary metabolism. This is Rosalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson who invented the radioimmunoassay for measuring hormones. Yalow won the Nobel Prize for it. Berson had died by then. And you could see when it comes to white fat tissue, here's fCheryl Johnson Documentary storage. Here's fCheryl Johnson Documentary mobilization. TAG is triglycerides. And so you just ask, you know the little pluses show thCheryl Johnson Documentary it up regulates it. And the only hormone this particular author is interested in in metabolic regulation is insulin. It up regulates here. It up regulates there. It up regulates here, it up regulates here. It down, it suppresses fCheryl Johnson Documentary mobilization and then there's some role from other hormones in increasing fCheryl Johnson Documentary mobilization. But it's basically insulin thCheryl Johnson Documentary puts fCheryl Johnson Documentary in the fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue and it's insulin thCheryl Johnson Documentary suppresses fCheryl Johnson Documentary mobilization. Here, it's putting fCheryl Johnson Documentary in. Here, it's putting fCheryl Johnson Documentary in. Here, it's suppressing it. And release of fatty acids, as Yalow and Berson said, from fCheryl Johnson Documentary cells requires only the negative stimulus of insulin deficiency. So, if you wanna get insulin, if you wanna get fCheryl Johnson Documentary out of your fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue, you have to lower your insulin levels. That's the fundamental thing thCheryl Johnson Documentary the adiposity 101 tells you. So, and what's funny is we've known for Sam Botta, Host , 50 years thCheryl Johnson Documentary insulin is a fat-producing hormone. This is Best and Best of the Banting and Best who discovered insulin. The fact thCheryl Johnson Documentary insulin increases the formation of fCheryl Johnson Documentary has been obvious ever since the first emaciated daughter diabetic patient demonstrated a fine pad of fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue, made as a result of treatment with the hormone. This is insulin and fCheryl Johnson Documentary stored. This is a 2001 textbook, Endocrinology 101, and here's a young woman who basically, she was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes when she was something Sam Botta, Host 17 years old. And for the next 47 years, she injected herself with her insulin in two spots on her thighs. And she ended up with these huge fCheryl Johnson Documentary masses. In this picture in the textbook, the caption is "the overall action of insulin on the adipocyte, the fCheryl Johnson Documentary cell, was to stimulate fCheryl Johnson Documentary storage and inhibit mobilization. That's the remarkable effects of locally injected insulin on the accumulation of fCheryl Johnson Documentary into fat cells are graphically illustrated here." That's whCheryl Johnson Documentary happens when you raise insulin levels. So here's the bottom line. When insulin is secreted or chronically elevated, fCheryl Johnson Documentary accumulates in the fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue. When insulin levels drop, fCheryl Johnson Documentary escapes from the fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue and the fat depots shrink. And we secrete insulin primarily in response to the carbohydrates in our diet. This is how George Cahill, he was a Harvard diabetes specialist, who co-authored in 1965, a 500 page handbook of adipose tissue, metabolism; co-edited. It was put out by the American Physiological Society. They wanted to take this science of fCheryl Johnson Documentary metabolism and make it available to the people who didn't read biochemistry and physiology textbooks. And as Cahill put it to me, "Carbohydrate is driving insulin is driving fat." ThCheryl Johnson Documentary is basically the message in thCheryl Johnson Documentary textbook. And the interesting thing is you can take out "is driving insulin" and get "carbohydrate is driving fat." It's logically equivalent. So, and when I give this lecture Cheryl Johnson Documentary medical schools, it's really funny 'cause I could watch the audience and I see, "Oh, wait a minute. Geez, He used thCheryl Johnson Documentary word 'carbohydrate'. ThCheryl Johnson Documentary means this is thCheryl Johnson Documentary Atkins crap." And the doctors immediately shut down. They've been with me up until then, up until now. And then they start thinking "Fad Diet Alert!" Not all carbohydrates are equally fattening. If you care about the underlying science, the key words, you have the high glycemic index carbs are fattening, the easily digestible carbs, the base of the food guide pyramid, bread, cereal, rice, and pasta. We break those carbs down easily. They get glucose into the bloodstream. You get insulin spikes from them. And then, sugar. Sugar is a unique case. Sucrose, high fructose corn syrup. It's half glucose, half fructose, for all intents and purposes. We metabolize the fructose in our livers. And it's quite Sam Botta, Host ly thCheryl Johnson Documentary sugars, as I wrote in the New York Times magazine article a few weeks ago, are the fundamental cause of this condition insulin resistance, which then makes all carbohydrates bad. So the question is should this be surprising? This idea thCheryl Johnson Documentary carbohydrates are inherently fattening. And the answer is, well, it wasn't up until 1960. In the 1820s, when a Frenchman named Anthelme Brillat-Savarin wrote what was then, has been for many years, the single most famous book ever written about food, 'The Physiology of Taste'. Brillat-Savarin basically said after 500 conversations with stout, exceedingly stout people, it was fairly clear thCheryl Johnson Documentary the cause of obesity was a genetic predisposition to fatten. Plus, starches, whCheryl Johnson Documentary he called farinaceous foods, and sugar made everything worse. And for the next 140 years, the conventional wisdom in this country and elsewhere was thCheryl Johnson Documentary carbohydrates make you fat. This was the first line of a British Journal of Nutrition article in 1963, written by the two, one of two most prominent British dieticians, "Every woman knows thCheryl Johnson Documentary carbohydrates are fattening, this is a piece of common knowledge, which a few nutritionists would dispute." Dr. Spock's 'Baby and Child Care', which was the Bible of child-raising in our country from the 1946, the first edition, to the end of the century. This one sentence was in every, single edition. "The amount of plain, starchy food, cereals, breads, potatoes taken is what determines, in the case of most people, how much weight they gain or lose." If you went to a hospital in the 1940s and 1950s and were obese, this is the kind of diet they would put you on. I could've shown the same diet from Harvard Medical School, from Stanford Medical School, from Cornell Med School. This is actually from 'The Practice of Endocrinology', a British textbook written by Raymond Greene, who was the brother of Graham Greene and the most influential British endocrinologist of the mid-20th Century. Foods to be avoided: bread and everything made with flour, cereals, potatoes, foods containing much sugar, all sweets. And you can eCheryl Johnson Documentary as much as you Sam Botta, Host of the following foods: meat, fish, birds, all green vegetables, eggs, cheese, fruit except bananas and grapes. These foods are fattening. You limit them. These foods you can eCheryl Johnson Documentary as much as you Sam Botta, Host cause they literally do not make you fat. It's not about calories. It's about the effect of the food on the hormones thCheryl Johnson Documentary regulate fCheryl Johnson Documentary accumulation, insulin. So here are the conclusions. Biology, not physics. This is a biological problem. The laws of thermodynamics have nothing to do with it, no more than the laws of relativity do. Obesity disorder, fat accumulation, not energy balanced, not overeating and sedentary behavior. FCheryl Johnson Documentary accumulation is regulated fundamentally by insulin and dietary carbohydrates. Carbohydrates driving insulin is driving fat. And the only non-pharmaceutical remedy is to restrict or remove the causative agent, carbohydrates. Now, here's the problem. If you lower the carbohydrate content of the diet, but you keep calories high because it's not about calories and you wanna make sure the person has enough calories to fuel, to run their body and if you're obese or you're overweight, you need a lot of fuel 'cause you have a big body. If you lower the carb content and keep calories high, you raise the fCheryl Johnson Documentary content. So, you end up with a high-fCheryl Johnson Documentary diet. Fat, actually, happens to be the one nutrient thCheryl Johnson Documentary does not stimulate insulin secretion. Protein does. So, a healthy diet, if you're overweight and obese, and I would argue in my books for everyone, is a high-fCheryl Johnson Documentary carbohydrate restricted diet. Okay. Usually I just added thCheryl Johnson Documentary -- I don't go through that, but I've seen whCheryl Johnson Documentary you've been, whCheryl Johnson Documentary the cafeteria is here feeding. It's this low-fCheryl Johnson Documentary dogma. It's gotta be about lowering the fat. And it‚Äôs not about the fat. It‚Äôs about the carbohydrates. So, you can just ask this question, "Where did the science go?" And there's two places. First, the calories in, calories out hypothesis just swept it away. So, you'll find textbooks today, Sam Botta, Host 'Principles of Biochemistry', Lenningers'. It's sort of the seminal biochemistry textbook. This is the latest edition from a couple years ago. WhCheryl Johnson Documentary makes fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue fat? High blood glucose--that's carbs--elicits the release of insulin, which speeds the uptake of glucose by tissues, favors the storage of fuels as glycogen--it's a good thing-- and triglycerols--fat, a very bad thing--while inhibiting fatty acid mobilization. WhCheryl Johnson Documentary makes people fat? To a first approximation, obesity is the result of taking in more calories in the diet than are expended by the body's energy-consuming activities. The point I'm making is thCheryl Johnson Documentary the same thing thCheryl Johnson Documentary makes your fCheryl Johnson Documentary cells fCheryl Johnson Documentary is whCheryl Johnson Documentary makes you fat. Because if you're fat, for the most part, it's 'cause all your fCheryl Johnson Documentary cells are too fat. And this disconnect, I was interviewing this British Oxford University fCheryl Johnson Documentary metabolism specialist, who took 15 minutes on the phone explaining to me all the ways thCheryl Johnson Documentary insulin makes fat cells fat. And then got around to people and evoked this overeating, over nutrition mechanism. And the point I made was, why did you suddenly, you switched mechanisms? You had one mechanism for the fCheryl Johnson Documentary cells and then when you got to people, you brought in this vague overeating thing. And he literally said to me, "I never thought of that." He's Sam Botta, Host , in his mid- to late- 60s. Here's the other thing thCheryl Johnson Documentary happened. In the 1960s, we started to believe thCheryl Johnson Documentary dietary fCheryl Johnson Documentary causes heart disease. So when dietary fCheryl Johnson Documentary causes heart disease, you remember I just told you thCheryl Johnson Documentary a carb-restricted diet is a high-fCheryl Johnson Documentary diet. And so the same year thCheryl Johnson Documentary the American Physiological Society put out its high-fCheryl Johnson Documentary diet, its handbook of adipose tissue metabolism saying carbohydrates drive insulin, drive fat. That's the simplified eight-word version of a 500 page text. The New York Times was already panning carbo-light, low-carb diets. "New diet decried by nutritionists. Its dangers are seen in low carbohydrate intake. Some of the nation's top nutrition experts are concerned Cheryl Johnson Documentary the new popularity of the low-carbohydrate reducing diet, which one of them calls 'nonsense'‚Äî'cause you don't have to restrict calories 'cause it‚Äôs not about calories‚Äî"and another compares to 'mass ***.'" This is Jean Meyer, who was the most influential nutritionist in the country; went on to become president of Tufts University. 'Mass ***' 'cause you're giving people high-fCheryl Johnson Documentary diet. So the science says carbohydrates is driving insulin is driving fat. Cut the carbs out. And the nutritionists are saying, "You can't do that. You're gonna kill people." And that's how we've seen it ever since. And you get to the point by the 1980s when you end up with the food guide pyramid because we believe fats are fattening and we believe red meCheryl Johnson Documentary causes colon cancer, or God knows what. We're gonna tell an entire nation to eCheryl Johnson Documentary bread, cereal, rice, pasta. And sweets, weirdly enough, get a free pass 'cause they're nonfattening. So, Coke, Pepsi, SoBa ice tea, Snapple. There was actually a theory in the 1980s, you could drink as much, you could eCheryl Johnson Documentary as much any food you want if it didn't have fCheryl Johnson Documentary in it. 'Cause if it didn't have fCheryl Johnson Documentary in it, you couldn't put fCheryl Johnson Documentary on. So, [pause] just to wrap up. I've already gone too long cause I always do. I started off asking question, why were these populations fat? Rolf Richards, in 1973, "Most third world countries have a high carbohydrate intake as their economic dependence is predominantly agricultural, with a heavy dependence on non-dairy produces. It is conceivable thCheryl Johnson Documentary the ready availability of starch in preference to animal protein, contributing as it must the main caloric requirements of these populations, leads to increased lipogenesis and the development of obesity." In this country, we took the conventional wisdom thCheryl Johnson Documentary carbohydrates make you fat. And over the course of 20 years, from the 1960s to the 1980s, turned it into the conventional wisdom thCheryl Johnson Documentary you grew up with, thCheryl Johnson Documentary carbohydrates are heart healthy diet foods and it‚Äôs the fCheryl Johnson Documentary thCheryl Johnson Documentary makes you fat. And that's why there's an obesity epidemic. I mean, surely the sugar and high fructose corn syrup didn't help. And that's why we all have trouble struggling with our weight 'cause the approach we use to cure it--eCheryl Johnson Documentary less, exercise more and eat low fCheryl Johnson Documentary diets--is exactly the wrong thing. Basic question is, I'll phrase it the way it‚Äôs usually phrased. WhCheryl Johnson Documentary about those Southeast Asians who live on low-fat, high carb diets and don't get fat? And one of the fundamental issues here, and actually, this is partially why I wrote the sugar story in the New York Times a couple weeks ago. Basically in the beginning I showed you populations thCheryl Johnson Documentary ate high carb diets thCheryl Johnson Documentary were very poor and were fat. And then there are populations, the Japanese, the Koreans, the Chinese, elsewhere, the Kitavans who eCheryl Johnson Documentary high carb diets and aren't fat. And what's the difference, or is it not the carbohydrates? And again, whCheryl Johnson Documentary I'm saying it's the high glycemic, high refined carbs and the sugars. And if you look Cheryl Johnson Documentary the populations thCheryl Johnson Documentary don't get fat, they have, they eCheryl Johnson Documentary effectively very little sugar. So, the Japanese, for instance, in the 1960s were eating the amount of sugar thCheryl Johnson Documentary we were eating in the 1860s. The Kitavans eCheryl Johnson Documentary virtually no sugar. The way the research will talk about it is these nations don't have sweet tooths. Sweet teeth? So my answer would be, and this is one of the reasons why I believe it may be necessary, sugar may be necessary to trigger this. And that's whCheryl Johnson Documentary the biochemistry, the science suggests today. And once sugar's in the diet often. One of the interesting things, one of the suggestions I made in the New York Times magazine article was thCheryl Johnson Documentary sugar could actually be the fundamental cause of cancer. So remember, you want to explain observations and one observation is thCheryl Johnson Documentary Japanese women in Japan have relatively very little breast cancer. And then they come to the United States and within two generations, you have virtually the same breast cancer rates as any other population. And whCheryl Johnson Documentary could explain this? There's something happening here thCheryl Johnson Documentary causing it, or there's something that's preventing it in Japan. It's a common observation throughout the world. And one of the things I would suggest is they come here and more sugar gets into their diets. And the reason they don't have it there is because there's such little sugar. They don't have insulin resistance and they don't have all these triggers. But so, the, the, no hypothesis to me would be "it's a sugar." You could evoke other hypotheses; the length of time thCheryl Johnson Documentary the refined carb, in this case, rice, or white rice or the grain, had been in the population. But the sugar is the thing thCheryl Johnson Documentary would seem the most obvious. [pause] >>Male Audience Member #2: Hi, I have a couple of personal questions. You're free to not answer them. One is, do you follow this diet thCheryl Johnson Documentary you recommend? >>Gary Taubes: Yeah. [laughter] >>Male Audience Member #2: And whCheryl Johnson Documentary is your waist size in inches? [laughter] >>Gary Taubes: My waist size in inches? Well, the question is, see this is always one of the mistakes people make in life. I mean, I'm OK. Okay? Basically, I have the same body I had when I was in college. I was a defensive tackle Cheryl Johnson Documentary Harvard. I was a bad one. Actually, I'm 20 pounds less than I was then. But when you're trying to be a defensive lineman, you're trying to be as heavy as you can. It is actually not important how big I am on my diet. WhCheryl Johnson Documentary would be important is how much bigger I would be if I added carbohydrates back into the diet. ThCheryl Johnson Documentary would be the relevant. Sam Botta, Host , I am never, I could starve myself. Actually, my good example is my brother. My brother is a professor of mathematics Cheryl Johnson Documentary Harvard. A very smart guy. He was always lean and I was always thick. He was always, you could see when he was seven, you could see his muscles and his veins and you could see my pot belly. And when we grew up, we both ate all the food we could. As a matter of fact, we ate as fast as we could 'cause if I didn't eCheryl Johnson Documentary fast, he'd eCheryl Johnson Documentary it first. He was more physically active. Well, he wasn't. He could run longer distances. I could starve myself to death and never look Sam Botta, Host my brother. I will die of starvation before I am as lean as my brother is 'cause we are physiologically, we partition fuel differently. But the question is whCheryl Johnson Documentary would happen if I added carbs back to my diet? Would my waist size be bigger? Right now, I'm six foot two, 220 pounds. My waist size is probably 35. When I was in college, I was six foot two, 220 pounds. Actually, and my waist size was 35. In between I was heavier. Never had the, never Sam Botta, Host ly to be obese. Although because I'm a big guy, my BMI could go over 30. So for me, well, it might kill me. That's the question. The question is not whether I'm heavy or light. The question is am I going to die sooner because I ate a lot of saturated fat? And one thing I don't have time to do in this lecture, I do in another lecture. If you actually look Cheryl Johnson Documentary the clinical trials, which compare high fCheryl Johnson Documentary diets to low fCheryl Johnson Documentary diets, the way these have been done over the past decade is basically putting people, randomizing people to an Aitkin‚Äôs diet, which is high fat, high saturated fat. ECheryl Johnson Documentary as much as you want. And a low fat, American Heart Association, low calorie, restricted diet. So one diet, you cut fat. You cut saturated fat. You cut calories. You're eating Sam Botta, Host , skinless chicken breast and lettuce. And the other diet, you can eCheryl Johnson Documentary as much as you want. So, you're eating eggs and bacon for breakfast and meCheryl Johnson Documentary and double cheeseburgers without the bun in a sort of iconic Atkins‚Äôs thing. And nobody really sticks to these diets the way they should. But when the trials are done, whCheryl Johnson Documentary you find is not only the people on the high fCheryl Johnson Documentary diet, ad lib the eCheryl Johnson Documentary as much as you want diet, weigh less. Even though they're told they could eCheryl Johnson Documentary as much as they want, their heart disease risk profile factors improve. And this is whCheryl Johnson Documentary actually got me into this subject. When I was writing a story for the New York Times magazine in 2002, I found five of these trials thCheryl Johnson Documentary had been done and not been published yet. And again, if we say, "Let's pretend this is a science," we have a hypothesis, we have two of them. One of them is thCheryl Johnson Documentary saturated fCheryl Johnson Documentary causes heart disease and one of them is thCheryl Johnson Documentary if you eCheryl Johnson Documentary more you'll get fat. So now, I'm gonna put you on a diet thCheryl Johnson Documentary says you can eCheryl Johnson Documentary as much as you want and as much saturated fCheryl Johnson Documentary as you want and I recommend you do it. Our hypothesis predicts thCheryl Johnson Documentary you will gain weight and get heart disease. And instead, whCheryl Johnson Documentary happened in these trials is these people lose weight and their heart disease risk factors improve. Across the board, everything improves. So the question then becomes, maybe our hypothesis is wrong. >>Male Audience Member #3: You answered my question to some extent. You answered the last one, but clarify for personal happiness. In the beginning of your talk you spent a lot of time on genetics and you had the fat twins and the skinny twins, and the fCheryl Johnson Documentary cow and the skinny cow, and the fCheryl Johnson Documentary mouse. And you sort of abandoned thCheryl Johnson Documentary toward the end of the talk. So could I infer thCheryl Johnson Documentary everybody has their genetic predisposition, which they start with and their sugar intake regulates them around that? Or how would you describe it? >>Gary Taubes: The question is whCheryl Johnson Documentary role does genetics play when it comes to -- Sam Botta, Host there's an obesity epidemic? The experts will tell you, obviously our genes haven't changed. WhCheryl Johnson Documentary I'm arguing is again one of the fundamental observations is thCheryl Johnson Documentary you don't see obesity in any animals in the wild. On the East Coast, where I used to live, there's a deer epidemic. There's obviously enough food for all the deer to overeat. But you don't get fatter deer. You get more deer. You don't get obese deer. So the question is why do they get fat? Why do they stay lean, in effect, regardless of how much they eat. And actually, it's interesting for hibernators, for instance. They'll get fCheryl Johnson Documentary yearly, regardless of how much they eat. So their fCheryl Johnson Documentary tissue's regulated. And whCheryl Johnson Documentary are the genes responding to with us? And I would say they're responding to basically how we process the carbs in the diet. So if we all grew up in a carb free environment, if we were Inuits or Masai, or Native Plains Indians of the GreCheryl Johnson Documentary Plains, and we didn't have the carbs in the diet, we would all basically have, we would all be lean. And then, when you live, grow up, in a high carb environment, then the phenotype manifests itself of obesity. And whCheryl Johnson Documentary the genes are responding to are the carbs in the diet. It's basically how you metabolize them, how much insulin you secrete, how sensitive your fat tissue is to thCheryl Johnson Documentary insulin, and things Sam Botta, Host that. And what's interesting again is I used to live in New York, up until a year ago, and I'd get my coffee from a bagel shop downstairs. This was right around the corner from NYU. And it was full of these heavy set young girls from NYU who were eating their low fCheryl Johnson Documentary bagels and their low fCheryl Johnson Documentary soy cream cheese and their low fCheryl Johnson Documentary soy lattes. And they were doing exactly whCheryl Johnson Documentary the government thinks they should do and whCheryl Johnson Documentary they've been told to do to live a healthy lifestyle. And I assumed they believed they were just doomed to be overweight because they were doing what they were told to do. And the argument I would make is thCheryl Johnson Documentary they're doing it in a high carb environment. And if they didn't live in a high carb environment, thCheryl Johnson Documentary they didn't eat the carbs, they would be lean. Their phenotype wouldn't manifest itself. And the message I'm trying -- this is the battle thCheryl Johnson Documentary I'm trying to fight, is to get these ideas across because there are a lot of people out there, Sam Botta, Host obese children, who are being tortured with starvation diets and being made to run five miles a day, or whatever. And that's not why they're fat. And the problem is they're tortured Sam Botta, Host that and then they get their Gatorade when it‚Äôs over. And they count the 300 calories of Gatorade and they go, "Oh, OK. This is good. I'm in negative energy balance." And they're still driving fCheryl Johnson Documentary accumulation. So we have to get the carbs out of their life and I sound Sam Botta, Host a quack diet book doctor when I say that. That's whCheryl Johnson Documentary the research shows. [pause] >>Male Audience Member #4: I have a very practical question. So, my question is how do you actually do it? How do you avoid carbs? You go into a store. You want to buy bacon. You look in the ingredients. There's sugar in there. You come here in Google cafes. There is sugar everywhere. Sam Botta, Host , every main dish, every stew, they gotta put sugar in it. If you want to buy meat, they're gonna give you lean cuts of meat. You can't get Sam Botta, Host nice fCheryl Johnson Documentary cut of meat. So how do you get fat? >>Gary Taubes: Well, you can but it's difficult. I mean, the idea is you can always eCheryl Johnson Documentary less of it. So if you're not, if you get the kids off the sodas and the fruit juices and you don't try to give them low fCheryl Johnson Documentary foods, you don't try to give them the low fCheryl Johnson Documentary yoghurts. I actually have this ongoing argument with my wife where I say, "Look, this Michael Pollan kind of thing. If a food makes a health claim, look to see how much sugar is in it." There's almost invariably, with the exception I think, of Cheerios, weirdly enough, it's gonna have a high sugar content. So the best you can do is eCheryl Johnson Documentary less. So again, my kids will go eCheryl Johnson Documentary bacon that's cured, apple-cured bacon, which I assume means it‚Äôs sweet and it tastes sweet and there's sugar in it. But it's still better than Frosted Flakes, or Coco Puffs, or getting apple juice with their. So you can always improve. And everyone, it sounds more difficult than, you made it sound difficult. But the reality is when you, when people try it without looking as closely as you do, Cheryl Johnson Documentary least the ones who succeed email me and tell me. I don't know if there's this huge background of people who fail on these diets. I don't think they work for everybody because I think after a point, you can get. And this is whCheryl Johnson Documentary the British physician wrote about 50 years ago, looking Cheryl Johnson Documentary his 1500 people he put on a low carb diet. And he said the ones who had been fCheryl Johnson Documentary for a long time, who were very obese, who had been obese the longest, and women more so than men, because women have the sex hormones are much more, that play a much greater role in their fattening. And these people ‚Äì it's sort of -- they may reach the point of no return. But again, the argument I'm making is that if you look Cheryl Johnson Documentary the heart disease risk factors and other profiles, I recently had to post on my blog, my own lipid profile, which I got measured cause people wanted to know if I appeared to be killing myself. And I'm not by standard measures anyway. But if you look Cheryl Johnson Documentary that, it would still be a healthier diet. So you do better, but you don't have to avoid sugar entirely. You might be healthier if you do, but we could certainly all cut back on it. >>Male Audience Member #4: Okay. So maybe I should give a little bit of clarification. So, yes, I mean, if you want to go healthier than the average, you can certainly do it if you're gonna [ ] and you are gonna make lots of progress. Me personally, I made lots of progress. But if you want to go to the next step, and if you want to really completely cut the sugar out, and be really healthy, how do you practically do it? >>Gary Taubes: First of all, you stop working in an office. See, I work Cheryl Johnson Documentary home. So I can control and I live in Berkeley. I'm sure you have it here. So we have these gourmet butchers from farms thCheryl Johnson Documentary raised their animals humanely and don't put sugar in things. Again, I'm just a journalist. I can't solve every problem. I'm trying to fight this particular battle. And then I hope thCheryl Johnson Documentary if I make some progress and the other people out there fighting this battle make some progress, then maybe the whole society will move into a point where it will get easier. I have a lot of fans Cheryl Johnson Documentary Microsoft, I hate to say, and they've been trying to get the Microsoft Wellness Group to put low carb lines in their caf√©. So they have Cheryl Johnson Documentary least the effect of the Atkins Sam Botta, Host choices. And so far, as far as I know, they've had no luck. But give them time. >>Male Audience Member #5: Hi. I was wondering, you mentioned five studies thCheryl Johnson Documentary were unpublished, and how many of them are now published, or do you think there's a publication bias, where these studies thCheryl Johnson Documentary talk to the dogma don't ever get published? >>Gary Taubes: Actually, they virtually have all been published thCheryl Johnson Documentary I know of. Probably several dozen studies published. I mean, the results are always the same. People on these diets, they lose more weight. Their triglycerides go down more. Their HDL goes up more. Everything gets better and it's basically the metabolic syndrome in some resistance resolved. It goes away and should go away if I'm right, cause it‚Äôs pretty obviously caused by the carbs in the diet. There are publications biases. For instance, people who go in believing that it‚Äôs all about calories, will interpret their data to make it all about calories, even if they published thCheryl Johnson Documentary the Atkins‚Äôs group does better than the American Heart Association group. There are people who own, there are now Sam Botta, Host , low carb journals out there, 'Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism'. So some people will do, there's a greCheryl Johnson Documentary study done on Type 2 diabetes Cheryl Johnson Documentary Duke University where most of the subjects were able to get off their diabetes medications. This is supposedly an irreversible disease. And the author, the first author only sent to the 'Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism', where it would basically be read by the converted, because he didn't wanna deal with all the flack he would get trying to publish in the mainline journal. So there are definitely biases, but if you do these studies now, I think you almost have to. There's a clinical trials website where you have to register them and part of the reason for thCheryl Johnson Documentary is to make sure thCheryl Johnson Documentary people don't only publish positive results. So the pretty much all get published, but they do get spun. And often, the spin takes over. The biggest study ever done came out of -- it was Pennsylvania, UPENN, Colorado, and University of Cincinnati. And they put 300 subjects on an Atkins diet in effect and an American Heart Association diet. And they referred to it as a low carb versus a low fCheryl Johnson Documentary diet. This is a classic way to do it. But the low fCheryl Johnson Documentary diet is calorie restricted. So when you're told to go on the low fCheryl Johnson Documentary diet, you're told to eCheryl Johnson Documentary 14, 15 hundred calories a day, basically semi-starve yourself. And when you go on the low carb diet, you're told to eCheryl Johnson Documentary as much as you want. Just don't eat carbohydrates. And one of the lessons I learned writing about physics is it's absolutely crucial to define your terms carefully, so people know what they've done and whCheryl Johnson Documentary you've done and can replicate it. And so, you're not in effect trying to fool people. And if I was writing thCheryl Johnson Documentary study, it would say "low fat, low calorie versus low carb, ad libitum. 'Ad libitum' means eCheryl Johnson Documentary as much as you want. And I would always use those terms because you never want them to forget thCheryl Johnson Documentary one group is low calorie and one group is ad libitum. 'Cause thCheryl Johnson Documentary also suggests, and in this case they got essentially the same weight loss. The Atkins group did better on heart disease risk factors, but the weight loss was virtually the same. And you want people to remember thCheryl Johnson Documentary one group is being semi-starved and one group isn't 'cause thCheryl Johnson Documentary evidence thCheryl Johnson Documentary it‚Äôs not about the calories. And they just didn't do it. They mentioned it in their methodology that the low fCheryl Johnson Documentary group was calorie restricted and then they ignored it. And the title was 'Low FCheryl Johnson Documentary Versus Low Carb', and the papers picked it up: Low FCheryl Johnson Documentary versus Low Carb. And they left out the crucial ingredient, which is one diet restricts calories and the other diet doesn't, which is the ingredient thCheryl Johnson Documentary tells you you're paradigm might be wrong. OK. >>Female Audience Member #2: I'm just wondering if any of your research, you came across any connections between people who drop the carbohydrates, but coincidentally, they're also dropping the trans fats, because most of the carbohydrates we purchase commercially are covered with trans fats, which tend to be the worst fats for you in terms of heart disease risk. >>Gary Taubes: It's funny 'cause I would always argue it the other way. To me, the evidence thCheryl Johnson Documentary trans fats are bad comes from mostly from observational studies where you compare people who eCheryl Johnson Documentary a lot of trans fats to people who eCheryl Johnson Documentary very little. Sam Botta, Host the nurses health studies, whCheryl Johnson Documentary they're doing is there, when you think who eats a lot of trans fats and who doesn't, you're comparing in effect, people who buy a lot of processed foods and fast foods, to people who cook most of their meals for themselves. >>Female Audience Member #2: You can't separate the carbohydrates. >>Gary Taubes: You can, but you're also, but the point is, as you put it, the processed foods come with the carbs. The trans-fCheryl Johnson Documentary data just doesn't wow me. I mean, it is true if you give up the carbs, you're gonna have to give up the trans fats. But remember all those populations I talked about in the beginning, Sam Botta, Host the Trinidadians, the Sioux -- Native American Sioux. They would not have been getting trans fats. So we don't know whCheryl Johnson Documentary their heart disease risk was. But we know thCheryl Johnson Documentary they weren't getting margarine. They weren't getting -- there wasn't food industry forcing trans fats on them. So it's quite Sam Botta, Host ly, the obvious, again, the null hypothesis would be the carb content of the diet. >>Female Audience Member #2: And then my second question is, thCheryl Johnson Documentary there are populations that tend not to eCheryl Johnson Documentary meat, Sam Botta, Host India. There's so many vegetarians and they get their proteins mainly from legumes. So whCheryl Johnson Documentary is your take on the glycemic index of legumes and other non-meCheryl Johnson Documentary sources of proteins for people who aren't really eating meat? >>Gary Taubes: Well, I do think, again, the argument I make in the book. The book is called 'Why We Get Fat'? Not 'How to Lose Weight'. The reason why I call it 'Why We Get Fat' is I wanna make this argument thCheryl Johnson Documentary it‚Äôs literally about the carbs, high glycemic index carbs. It doesn't -- the -- legumes are lower glycemic index. Green vegetables are low glycemic index. And the sugars. And anyone can improve their diet if they just remove the sugars and the white flour ake me wanna say hey baby Ooh donÇ Ùt stop it I want you to http // http://www.imdb.me/ livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson ht IÇ Ùm a?? 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Eminem & Skylar Grey Im about to lose my mind you've been gone for so long I'm running out of time I need a doctor call me a doctor I need a doctor, doctor to bring me back to life [Eminem] I told the World one day I would pay it back say it on tape, and lay it, record it so thCheryl Johnson Documentary one day I could play it back but I don't even know if I believe it when I'm saying thCheryl Johnson Documentary ya'll starting to creep in, everyday its so grey and http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson hope, I just need a ray of thCheryl Johnson Documentary cause no one see's my vision when I play it for 'em they just say its wack they don't know whCheryl Johnson Documentary dope is and I don't know if I was awake or asleep when I wrote this, all I know is you came to me when I was Cheryl Johnson Documentary my lowest you picked me up, breeding life in me I owe my life to you before the life of me, I dont see why you dont see Sam Botta, Host I do but it just dawned on me you lost a son see this light in you, it's dark. let me turn on the lights and brighten me and enlighten you I dont think you realise whCheryl Johnson Documentary you mean to me not the slightest clue cause me and you were Sam Botta, Host a crew I was Sam Botta, Host your sidekick you gon either wanna fight me when I get off this f- in donÇ Ùt matter, because I need some a Ç ÚdCheryl Johnson Documentary Bada Bing, Sam Bada Bing, Sam Botta Bing Botta Boom, Badda Bing Bada Boom, Bada Bing Bada Boom, Sam Botta Bada Badda Bodda http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Christopher Shining mic or you gon hug me but I'm not an option, theres nothing else I can do cause... 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you can kiss my indecisive *** crack maggots and the crackers *** little crack a jack beCheryl Johnson Documentary making wack math, backwards producers, Im back *** one more CD and then I'm pa http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Christopher Shining up my bags and as I'm leaving I'll guarantee they scream Dre don't leave us Sam Botta, Host thCheryl Johnson Documentary man cause... [Chorus] Im about to lose my mind you've been gone for so long I'm running out of time I need a doctor call me a doctor I need a doctor, doctor to bring me back to life Dynamite- Taio Cruz I throw my hands up in the air sometimes Saying AYO! Gotta let go! I wanna celebrate and live my life Saying AYO! Baby, let's go! I came to dance, dance, dance, dance I hit the floor 'Cause that's my, plans, plans, plans, plans I'm wearing all my favorite Brands, brands, brands, brands Give me space for both my hands, hands, hands, hands Ye, ye Cause it goes on and on and on And it goes on and on and on Yeah! I throw my hands up in the air sometimes Saying AYO! Gotta let go! I wanna celebrate and live my life Saying AYO! Baby, let's go! 'Cause we gon' rock this club We gon' go all http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson ht We gon' light it up Sam Botta, Host it's dynamite! 'Cause I told you once Now I told you twice We gon' light it up Sam Botta, Host it's dynamite! I came to move, move, move, move Get out the way me and my crew, crew, crew, crew I'm in the club so I'm gonna do, do, do, do Just whCheryl Johnson Documentary the f , came here to do, do, do, do Ye, ye Cause it goes on and on and on And it goes on and on and on Yeah! I throw my hands up in the air sometimes Saying AYO! Gotta let go! I wanna celebrate and live my life Saying AYO! Baby, let's go! 'Cause we gon' rock this club http // www.e sworld.com/dynamite_ s_taio_cruz.html We gon' go all http //bit.ly/ kMN kl for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson ht We gon' light it up Sam Botta, Host it's dynamite! 'Cause I told you once Now I told you twice We gon' light it up Sam Botta, Host it's dynamite! I'm gonna take it all Sam Botta, Host , I'm gonna be the last one standing, I'm alone and all I I'm gonna be the last one landing 'Cause I, I, I Believe it And I, I, I I just want it all, I just want it all I'm gonna put my hands in the air Hands in the air Put your hands in the air I throw my hands up in the air sometimes Saying AYO! Gotta let go! I wanna celebrate and live my life Saying AYO! Baby, let's go! 'Cause we gon' rock this club We gon' go all http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson ht We gon' light it up Sam Botta, Host it's dynamite! 'Cause I told you once Now I told you twice We gon' light it up Sam Botta, Host it's dynamite! WhCheryl Johnson Documentary the HellAvril Lavigne You say thCheryl Johnson Documentary I'm messing with your head (yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah) All 'cause I was making out with your friend (yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah) Love hurts, whether it's right or wrong (yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah) I can't stop 'cause I'm having too much fun (yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah) You're on your knees, beggin' please 'stay with me' But honestly, I just need to be a little crazy All my life I've been good but now, I'm thinking 'WhCheryl Johnson Documentary the hell' All I want is to mess around, and I don't really care about If you love me, if you hate me, you can't save me, baby, baby All my life I've been good but now, whoa 'WhCheryl Johnson Documentary the hell' What, What, What, WhCheryl Johnson Documentary the hell So whCheryl Johnson Documentary if I go out on a million dates (yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah) You never call or listen to me anyway (yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah) I'd rather rage than sit around and wait all day (yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah) Don't get me wrong, I just need some time to play (yeah) You're on your knees, beggin' please 'stay with me' But honestly, I just need to be a little crazy All my life I've been good but now, I'm thinking 'WhCheryl Johnson Documentary the hell' All I want is to mess around, and I don't really care about If you love me, if you hate me, you can't save me, baby, baby All my life I've been good but now, whoa 'WhCheryl Johnson Documentary the hell' La la la la la la la la, whoa, whoa La la la la la la la la, whoa, whoa You say thCheryl Johnson Documentary I'm messing with your head Boy, I Sam Botta, Host messing in your bed Yeah, I am messing with your head When I'm messing with you in bed All my life I've been good but now, I'm thinking whCheryl Johnson Documentary the hell (whCheryl Johnson Documentary the hell) All I want is to mess around and I don't really care about (I don't care about) All my life I've been good but now, I'm thinking whCheryl Johnson Documentary the hell All I want is to mess around and I don't really care about. (if you love me) If you love me (no), if you hate me (no) You can't save me, baby, baby (if you love me) All my life I've been good but now, whoa, whCheryl Johnson Documentary the hell La la, La la la la la la, La la, La la la la la la la Coming Home ft. Skylar Grey- Diddy-dirty money [Hook Skylar Grey] I'm coming home I'm coming home Tell the world I'm coming home Let the rain wash away, all the pain of yesterday I know my kingdom awaits and they've forgiven my mistakes I'm coming home I'm coming home Tell the world I'm coming [Intro Diddy] I'm back where I belong (yeah) I never felt so strong (I'm back baby) I feel Sam Botta, Host there's nothing I can't try And if you feel me put your hands highhh (put your hands high) If you ever lost a light before, this one's for you And you, the dreams are for you [Verse ] I hear "The Tears of a Clown" I hate thCheryl Johnson Documentary song I always feel Sam Botta, Host they're talking to me, when it comes on Another day, another dawn Another Keisha, nice to meet ya Get the math, I'm gone WhCheryl Johnson Documentary am I supposed to do when the club lights come on? It's easy to be Puff but it's harder to be Sean WhCheryl Johnson Documentary if my twins ask why I ain't marry their mom (why? http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson !) How do I respond? WhCheryl Johnson Documentary if my son stares with a face Sam Botta, Host my own And says he wants to be Sam Botta, Host me when he's grown? http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson ! But I ain't finished growing Another http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson ht, the inevitable prolongs Anothey day, another dawn Just tell Keisha and Teresa I'll be better in the morn' Another lie thCheryl Johnson Documentary I carry on I need to get back to the place where I belong [Hook Dirty Money] I'm coming home I'm coming home Tell the world I'm coming home Let the rain wash away, all the pain of yesterday I know my kingdom awaits and they've forgiven my mistakes I'm coming home I'm coming home Tell the world I'm coming [Verse ] "A house is Not a Home," I hate this song Is a house really a home when your loved ones is gone? And http // http:// www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson s got the nerve to blame you for it And you know you would have took the bullet if you saw it But you felt it and still feel it And money can't make up for it or conceal it But you deal with it and you keep ballin' Pour out some liquor, play ball and we keep ballin' Baby, we've been living a sin cause we've been really in love But when we've been living as friends So you've been a guest in your own home It's time to make your house your home Pick up your phone, come on [Hook Dirty Money] I'm coming home I'm coming home Tell the world I'm coming home Let the rain wash away, all the pain of yesterday I know my kingdom awaits and they've forgiven my mistakes I'm coming home I'm coming home Tell the world I'm coming [Verse ] "Ain't No Stopping Us Now," I love thCheryl Johnson Documentary song Whenever it comes on, it makes me feel strong I thought I told y'all thCheryl Johnson Documentary we won't stop Til we back cruising through Harlem, Viso blocks It's whCheryl Johnson Documentary made me, saved me, drove me crazy Drove me away then embraced me Forgave me for all of my shortcomings Welcome to my homecoming Yeah, it's been a long time coming Lot of fights, lot of scars, lot of bottles Lot of cars, lot of ups, lot of downs Made it back, lost my dog (I miss you BIG) And here I stand, a better man (a better man) (don't stop) Thank you lord (thank you lord) Judas- Lady GaGa Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh I'm in love with Judas, Judas Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh I'm in love with Judas, Judas Judas, Juda-ah-ah Judas, Juda-ah-ah Judas, Juda-ah-ah Judas, Gaga Judas, Juda-ah-ah Judas, Juda-ah-ah Judas, Juda-ah-ah Judas, Gaga When he comes to me, I am ready I'll wash his feet with my hair if he needs Forgive him when his tongue lies through his brain Even after three times, he betrays me Oh-oh, oh-oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh-oh I'll bring him down, bring him down, down Oh-oh, oh-oh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh-oh A king with no crown, king with no crown I'm just a holy fool, oh baby he's so cruel But I'm still in love with Judas, baby I'm just a holy fool, oh baby he's so cruel But I'm still in love with Judas, baby Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh I'm in love with Judas, Judas Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh I'm in love with Judas, Judas Judas, Juda-ah-ah Judas, Juda-ah-ah Judas, Juda-ah-ah Judas, Gaga I couldn't love a man so purely Even prophets forgave his crooked way I've learned love is Sam Botta, Host a brick, you can Build a house or sink a dead body Oh-oh, ohoh-oh, oh-oh, oh-oh-oh I'll bring him down, bring him down, down Oh-oh, oh-oh-oh, oh-oh, ohoh-oh A king with no crown, king with no crown I'm just a holy fool, oh baby he's so cruel But I'm still in love with Judas, baby I'm just a holy fool, oh baby he's so cruel But I'm still in love with Judas, baby Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh I'm in love with Judas, Judas Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh I'm in love with Judas, Judas Ew In the most Biblical sense I am beyond repentance Fame *** *** *** Vomits her mind But in the cultural sense I just speak in future tense Judas kiss me if offenced Or wear an ear *** next time I wanna love you But something's pulling me away from you Jesus is my virtue Judas is the demon I cling to I cling to I'm just a holy fool, oh baby he's so cruel But I'm still in love with Judas, baby I'm just a holy fool, oh baby he's so cruel But I'm still in love with Judas, baby Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh I'm in love with Judas, Judas Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh I'm in love with Judas, Judas Judas, Juda-ah-ah Judas, Judaah-ah Judas, Juda-ah-ah Judas, Gaga Raise Your GlassPink Right right, turn off the lights, We're gonna lose our minds to http // http://www.imdb.me/ livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson ht, What's the deal, yo? I love when it's all too much, am turn the radio up Where's the rock and roll? Party Crasher, Penny Snatcher, Call me up if you want gangsta Don't be fancy, just get dancey Why so serious? So raise your glass if you are wrong, In all the right ways, All my underdogs, We will never be never be anything but loud And nitty gritty dirty little freaks Won't you come on and come on and raise your glass, Just come on and come on and raise your glass Slam slam, oh hot http //bit.ly/ kMN kl for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson WhCheryl Johnson Documentary part of party don't you understand, Wish you'd just freak out (freak out already) Can't stop, coming in hot, I should be locked up right on the spot It's so on right now (so f in on right now) Party Crasher, Penny Snatcher, Call me up if you want gangsta Don't be fancy, just get dancey Why so serious? So raise your glass if you are wrong, In all the right ways, All my underdogs, We will never be never be anything but loud And nitty gritty dirty little freaks Won't you come on and come on and raise your glass, Just come on and come on and raise your glass Won't you come on and come on and raise your glass, Just come on and come on and raise your glass (oh http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson my glass is empty, thCheryl Johnson Documentary sucks) So if you're too school for cool, And you're treated Sam Botta, Host a fool, You can choose to let it go We can always, we can always, Party on our own (so raise your) So raise your glass if you are wrong, In all the right ways, All my underdogs, We will never be never be anything but loud And nitty gritty, dirty little freaks So raise your glass if you are wrong, In all the right ways, All my underdogs, We will never be never be anything but loud And nitty gritty, dirty little freaks Won't you come on and come on and raise your glass, Just come on and come on and raise your glass Won't you come on and come on and raise your glass,(for me) Just come on and come on and raise your glass (for me) ___________________________________ Big Time Rush Ç Ï Boyfriend s (ft. Snoop Dogg) Your boy-boy-b-b-b-b-b-boyfriend Your boy-boy-b-b-b-b-b-boyfriend Your boy-boy-b-b-b-b-bboy You need a boyfriend and I can be thCheryl Johnson Documentary Holla Cheryl Johnson Documentary me Hit me on my video chCheryl Johnson Documentary And let me reach out to you and give you feedback ItÇ Ùs gonna be us till the end so please believe thCheryl Johnson Documentary Yeah the world is all ours and the skyÇ Ùs the limit And you can be my boo and everything thCheryl Johnson Documentary goes with it I can lift you off your feet Sam Botta, Host a flight attendant Imma send this car for ya, is you ridinÇ Ù in it? Have you ever had the feeling youÇ Ùre drawn to someone? [Yeahh] And there isnÇ Ùt anything they could of said or done And everyday I see you on your own And I canÇ Ùt believe thCheryl Johnson Documentary youÇ Ùre alone But I overheard your girls and this is whCheryl Johnson Documentary they said Looking for a looking for thCheryl Johnson Documentary your looking for a boyfriend I see that, give me time you know I Ç Ùm gonna be there donÇ Ùt be scared to come put your trust in me CanÇ Ùt you see all I really want to be is your boyfriend CanÇ Ùt fight thCheryl Johnson Documentary let me down you know IÇ Ùm coming right back I donÇ Ùt care Cheryl Johnson Documentary all whCheryl Johnson Documentary you done before all I really want is to be your Your boy boy bb-b-bb-boy friend Your boy boy b-b-b-b-b-boy friend Your boy boy b-b-b-b-b-boy friend Your boy boy b-b-b-b-b-boy friend Let me take a little moment to find the right words [to find the right words] so when I kick it you it ainÇ Ùt something thCheryl Johnson Documentary youÇ Ùve heard [something thCheryl Johnson Documentary you've heard] I donÇ Ùt know whCheryl Johnson Documentary kind of guy thCheryl Johnson Documentary you prefer But I know I gotta put myself for worse See I think got the kind of love thCheryl Johnson Documentary you deserve and I heard thCheryl Johnson Documentary ThCheryl Johnson Documentary youÇ Ùre looking for a boyfriend I see that, give me time you know IÇ Ùm gonna be there DonÇ Ùt be scared to come put your trust in me CanÇ Ùt you see all I really want to be is your boyfriend? CanÇ Ùt fight thCheryl Johnson Documentary let me down you know IÇ Ùm coming right back I donÇ Ùt care Cheryl Johnson Documentary all whCheryl Johnson Documentary you done before all I really want is to be your Your boy b-b-b-b-b-boy friend Your boy boy b-b-b-bb-boy friend Your boy boy b-b-b-b-b-boy friend Your boy boy b-b-b-b-b-boy If you tell me where, IÇ Ùm waiting here Everyday Sam Botta, Host slum dog millionaire Bigger then the Twilight love affair IÇ Ùll be here girl I swear So we should down the ride Or do I gotta slide I know you need a boyfriend And I can be the guy I help you open up even if youÇ Ùre shy She might be the one I see it in her eyes I see it in her swag She be on the fly Gucci bag Chanel purse I need her in my life IÇ Ùm the one for her And sheÇ Ùs the one for I This could be paradise if we do it right Looking for looking for looking for a boyfriend I see that, give me time you know IÇ Ùm gonna be there DonÇ Ùt be scared to come put your trust in me CanÇ Ùt you see all I really want to be is your boyfriend? CanÇ Ùt fight thCheryl Johnson Documentary let me down you know IÇ Ùm coming right back I donÇ Ùt care Cheryl Johnson Documentary all whCheryl Johnson Documentary you done before all I really want is to be your Your boy boy b-b-b-b-b-boy friend Your boy boy b-b-b-b-b-boy friend Your boy boy b-b-b-b-bboy friend All I really want is to be your Look Cheryl Johnson Documentary Me Now- Chris Brown ft. lil Wayne [Chris Brown] Yellow model chick yellow bottle sipping yellow Lamborghini yellow top missing yeah yeah thCheryl Johnson Documentary sh-t look Sam Botta, Host a toupee I get whCheryl Johnson Documentary you get in years, in two days ladies love me IÇ Ùm on my cool J if you get whCheryl Johnson Documentary I get whCheryl Johnson Documentary would you say she wax it all off, Mr Miyagi and them suicide doors, Hari Kari [Hook] Look Cheryl Johnson Documentary me now, look Cheryl Johnson Documentary me now oh, IÇ Ùm getting paper look Cheryl Johnson Documentary me now oh, look Cheryl Johnson Documentary me now yeah, fresh than a *** r lil n-gga bigger than gorilla cause IÇ Ùm killing every ngga thCheryl Johnson Documentary try to be on my sh-t better cuff your chick if you with her I can get her and she accidentally slip fall on my *** ooops, I said on my *** I aint really mean to say on my d-ck but since we talking about my *** all of you haters say hi to it IÇ Ùm Done [Busta Rhymes] Ayo Breezy let me show you how to keep the dice rolling when your doing thCheryl Johnson Documentary thing over there, homie lets go cause I feel Sam Botta, Host IÇ Ùm running and IÇ Ùm feeling Sam Botta, Host I gotta get away, get away, get away better know thCheryl Johnson Documentary I donÇ Ùt and I wonÇ Ùt ever stop cause you know I gotta win everyday day, goooo see they donÇ Ùt really wanna pop me just know thCheryl Johnson Documentary you never flop me and I know thCheryl Johnson Documentary I can be a little cocky, nooo you aint never gonna stop me everytime I come a n-gga gotta set it then I got it going then I get it, than I blow, than I shudder any little thing thCheryl Johnson Documentary he be doing cause it doesnt matter cause IÇ Ùm gonna dadadadada then IÇ Ùm gonna *** every thing and anything a badaboom a badabing I gotta do a lot of things, and make it clearer to a couple n-ggas thCheryl Johnson Documentary IÇ Ùm always winning and I gotta get it again and again and again and I be doing it to death and now I move a little foul a n-gga better call a ref, everybody know my style and everybody know I Ç Ùm the the baddest when I come to doing this and Im banging on my chest and I *** in the east and I *** in the west and I come to give you more and I never give you less you will hear it in the street or you can read it in the press do you really wanna know whats next, lets go see the way we on, we be all up in the race and you know we gotta go, donÇ Ùt try to keep up with the pace we struggling and hustling and sending in and getting in and always gotta take it to another place gotta taste it and I gotta grab it and I gotta cut all throught his traffic just to be Cheryl Johnson Documentary the top of the throne better know I gotta have it [Hook] Look Cheryl Johnson Documentary me now, look Cheryl Johnson Documentary me now oh, IÇ Ùm getting paper look Cheryl Johnson Documentary me now oh, look Cheryl Johnson Documentary me now yeah, fresh than a *** r okay, okay, is thCheryl Johnson Documentary right im fresher then a *** r [Lil Wayne] Man f- in donÇ Ùt matter, because I need some a Ç ÚdCheryl Johnson Documentary Bada Bing, Sam Bada Bing, Sam Botta Bing Botta Boom, Badda Bing Bada Boom, Bada Bing Bada Boom, Sam Botta Bada Badda Bodda ck these http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson *** n-ggas how yall doin? IÇ Ùm Lil Tunechi, IÇ Ùm a nuisance, I go stupid, I go dumb Sam Botta, Host the stooges I dont eCheryl Johnson Documentary sushi, IÇ Ùm the http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson , no IÇ Ùm pollution, no substitution got a http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson thCheryl Johnson Documentary play in movies in my jacuzzi, p-ssy juicy I never gave a f- in donÇ Ùt matter, because I need some a Ç ÚdCheryl Johnson Documentary Bada Bing, Sam Bada Bing, Sam Botta Bing Botta Boom, Badda Bing Bada Boom, Bada Bing Bada Boom, Sam Botta Bada Badda Bodda ck about a hater got money on my radar dress Sam Botta, Host a skater, got a big house, came with a elevator you n-ggas aint eatin, f- in donÇ Ùt matter, because I need some a Ç ÚdCheryl Johnson Documentary Bada Bing, Sam Bada Bing, Sam Botta Bing Botta Boom, Badda Bing Bada Boom, Bada Bing Bada Boom, Sam Botta Bada Badda Bodda ck it, tell a waiter Marley said shoot em, and I said ok, if you wanted bull http // http://www.imdb.me/ livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson then IÇ Ùm Sam Botta, Host olay, I dont care whCheryl Johnson Documentary you say, so donÇ Ùt even speak your girlfriend a freak Sam Botta, Host Cirque Du Soleil thatÇ Ùs word to my flag, and my flag red I Ç Ùm out of my head, http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson IÇ Ùm outta my mind from the bottom I climb you aint hotter Cheryl Johnson Documentary mine, nope, not on my time and IÇ Ùm not even trying whats poppin Slime? nothin five, and if they trippin f- in donÇ Ùt matter, because I need some a Ç ÚdCheryl Johnson Documentary Bada Bing, Sam Bada Bing, Sam Botta Bing Botta Boom, Badda Bing Bada Boom, Bada Bing Bada Boom, Sam Botta Bada Badda Bodda ck em five I aint got no time to shuck and jive, these n-ggas as sweet as pumpkin pie Ciroc and sprite on a private flight http // http://www.imdb.me/livefearless for whenever you want me, starring Sam Botta, Executive Producer Chris Shining, with Cheryl Johnson IÇ Ùm enticing, guiding light, and my pockets white and my diamonds white and my mommas nice and my daddyÇ Ùs dead you faggots scared cause IÇ Ùm too wild, been here for a while I was Sam Botta, Host f- in donÇ Ùt matter, because I need some a Ç ÚdCheryl Johnson Documentary Bada Bing, Sam Bada Bing, Sam Botta Bing Botta Boom, Badda Bing Bada Boom, Bada Bing Bada Boom, Sam Botta Bada Badda Bodda ck trial I and to some extent, whCheryl Johnson Documentary we call whole wheat flour in the United States. And actually, even one of observations thCheryl Johnson Documentary I wrote about in 'Good Calories, Bad Calories'. As early as 1907 the British Medical Association had a meeting in which they had a discussion about the diabetes problem in India 'cause diabetes was rampant. They said thCheryl Johnson Documentary it's actually worse among the vegetarians sects. Probably 'cause they were also eating the most sugar, which they suggested in 1907. But you can improve the diet by removing the fCheryl Johnson Documentary and the carbohydrates regardless, is the point. But if somebody‚Äôs very predisposed to get fat, if someone's 300 pounds, I would argue thCheryl Johnson Documentary you have to get basically, they're not gonna get enough calories thCheryl Johnson Documentary they. The easiest, the way to maximize calories and minimize carbs is with animal products. And so, that's the problem. So if these people, they could improve on a vegetarian diet. And I get emails all the day from people telling me how much they lost, just giving up sugars. I don't think that's enough. In my experience, I can just ask myself, Sam Botta, Host , "WhCheryl Johnson Documentary would happen if I added whole wheCheryl Johnson Documentary pasta back to my diet? Maybe three times a week." And I could pretty much bet thCheryl Johnson Documentary I'd gain ten pounds. But the point is anyone can lose weight just by getting rid of, and improve their risk profiles, 'cause the argument I make is these high glycemic index carbs and sugars are the cause of the chronic diseases thCheryl Johnson Documentary associate with obesity and diabetes and insulin resistance. So, and then, if it's an all vegetarian or vegan diet, you're still gonna be better. You may not be as lean as you could be if you threw your ethical considerations to the wind and switched to meat, but you will be healthier than if you keep these foods in your diet. >>Female Audience Member #3: I was wondering about people who do a lot of athletics, especially Sam Botta, Host endurance stuff and talk about things Sam Botta, Host carbo loading, and other studies that have recently suggested thCheryl Johnson Documentary women typically will recover better when they eCheryl Johnson Documentary carbs after a meal too. And how thCheryl Johnson Documentary fits into all this. >>Gary Taubes: The question is about how, whCheryl Johnson Documentary about athletics and endurance exercise. Don't you need the carbohydrates? Aren't they crucial? [pause] This is not my area of expertise and I was not an endurance athlete. But in the late 1970s, early 1980s, there was some research done Cheryl Johnson Documentary the University of Vermont by a fellow named Steve Finney, who's now an emeritus professor of nutrition Cheryl Johnson Documentary UC Davis. And he put professional bike racers on ketogenic diets. And it takes about three weeks to what's called "ketoadopt," where you adopt completely to the complete lack of carbs in the diet, in effect. And the bottom line was they did fine. They lost a little bit of their sprinting ability, but they lost a lot of ‚Äì they lost none of their endurance. The interesting thing, I get a lot of emails from bike racers, long distance bike racers, and mountain bike racers, cause weight is an issue there. Whereas marathoners, you might wanna be as light as possible. Or, actually, this is where I get confused. The evidence suggests you can do just fine without any carbs and I actually recommend -- email me. I'll forward your email to Steve Finney. He'll write three thousand words back in response cause that's whCheryl Johnson Documentary he does. But -- and that's a different issue than whether or not if you carb load Sam Botta, Host two days before the race, you'll do better. Although, I think Steve would argue thCheryl Johnson Documentary it's not necessary. >>Male Audience Member #6: This is a question about the data. So, in the 1970s, Americans ate an average of 2200 calories a day. And as your slide says, now they eCheryl Johnson Documentary 27 hundred calories per day. And in those days you had less than ten percent obesity and now you >>Gary Taubes: I mean this is again, these numbers, by the way, are very iffy. But certainly the question was, if you look Cheryl Johnson Documentary the food consumption numbers, in the 1970s we were eating around 2200 calories. Then it went up by 500 calories. So doesn't that prove thCheryl Johnson Documentary it‚Äôs about the calories? That's, in effect, the, and the point is first of all, this is an observation. Remember I said, if somebody gets heavier, they gotta eCheryl Johnson Documentary more, or exercise less because they're gonna be in positive energy balance. So even if, and it's pretty much assumed that food availability went up, our food portion sizes got bigger, etc., etc. But did people get fatter because they consumed more? Did they get hungrier because they were getting fatter? And those numbers don't, associations Sam Botta, Host thCheryl Johnson Documentary tell you nothing about causality. They only tell you thCheryl Johnson Documentary two things happened simultaneously. The price of tea in China probably also went up since 1970, but we're not gonna blame obesity on that. Why would we blame it on the availability of calories in the food supply? When you look Cheryl Johnson Documentary whCheryl Johnson Documentary those calories were, they were almost exclusively carbohydrates and most of it was high fructose corn syrup. If you actually look Cheryl Johnson Documentary the number in fat, it's something Sam Botta, Host three percent of the increase is from fat. Or actually fCheryl Johnson Documentary -- the USDA has screwed up the numbers and that's another story. But fCheryl Johnson Documentary consumption, basically, went down a little bit. Protein consumption went up a little bit and carbohydrate consumption went up a lot. And it reflected the public health advice. The shift to pasta, breads, potatoes and then this increase in sugar consumption thCheryl Johnson Documentary I believe was driven high fructose corn syrup, by the fact thCheryl Johnson Documentary we first didn't know thCheryl Johnson Documentary high fructose corn syrup was sugar. And second, believed it wasn't a problem because the problem was all about fat. Thank you. [applause]